Table 4. Odds ratios for prostate cancer diagnosis by food groups, foods and nutrient consumption.

Food group, food or nutrienta	Food or nutrient intake (increasing quintiles except where indicated)					P value for trendb
	1 (referent)	2	3	4	5
Red meat (g/d)
Cut-point		14.6	30.4	45.4	65.3
Cases/controls	345/688	330/735	331/718	355/694	356/693
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.90 (0.74–1.09)	0.93 (0.77–1.14)	1.02 (0.84–1.24)	0.99 (0.81–1.21)	0.99
Processed meat (g/d)
Cut-point		8.6	18.9	29.3	43.7
Cases/controls	333/716	342/710	347/699	340/709	355/694
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.06 (0.87–1.29)	1.10 (0.91–1.34)	1.11 (0.91–1.35)	1.14 (0.93–1.39)	0.98
Red and processed meat (g/d)
Cut-point		37.2	56.8	75.9	99.7
Cases/controls	344/705	341/708	321/728	349/700	362/687
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	0.95 (0.78–1.16)	1.07 (0.88–1.31)	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	0.99
Poultry (g/d)
Cut-point		0.2	15.3	27.1	43.2
Cases/controls	388/718	312/687	323/716	339/713	355/694
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.86 (0.71–1.05)	0.87 (0.72–1.06)	0.89 (0.74–1.08)	0.95 (0.79–1.15)	0.78
White fish (g/d)
Cut-point		0.2	9.3	16.5	27.1
Cases/controls	626/1224	86/161	351/708	286/690	368/745
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.04 (0.77–1.40)	1.02 (0.86–1.21)	0.92 (0.77–1.10)	1.10 (0.93–1.31)	0.54
Oily fish (g/d)c
Cut-point		—	0.2	12.9	28.6
Cases/controls	788/1603	—	213/511	350/728	366/686
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	—	0.89 (0.73–1.08)	0.93 (0.79–1.10)	1.00 (0.85–1.18)	0.83
Milk (g/d)
Cut-point		89	154	216	308
Cases/controls	349/699	343/707	350/699	340/709	335/714
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.05 (0.87–1.28)	1.05 (0.86–1.27)	1.04 (0.86–1.27)	1.04 (0.85–1.28)	0.33
Cheese (g/d)
Cut-point		2.6	9.9	16.5	28.4
Cases/controls	372/674	364/687	340/710	326/733	315/724
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.04 (0.86–1.26)	0.95 (0.78–1.15)	0.89 (0.73–1.08)	0.95 (0.77–1.16)	0.25
Yogurt (g/d)d
Cut-point		—	—	0.4	49.3
Cases/controls	1005/2149	—	—	350/690	362/689
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	—	—	1.09 (0.93–1.28)	0.92 (0.79–1.08)	0.57
Fruit and vegetables (g/d)
Cut-point		171	246	325	434
Cases/controls	343/706	357/692	334/715	336/713	347/702
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.10 (0.91–1.34)	0.99 (0.81–1.21)	1.04 (0.85–1.27)	1.05 (0.85–1.28)	0.66
Energy (MJ/d)
Cut-point		7.33	8.45	9.47	10.76
Cases/controls	362/687	366/683	340/709	320/729	329/720
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.09 (0.90–1.32)	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	0.97 (0.79–1.18)	1.11 (0.91–1.36)	0.72
Protein (% energy)
Cut-point		13.3	14.7	15.9	17.5
Cases/controls	306/743	318/731	363/686	352/697	378/671
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.00 (0.82–1.23)	1.16 (0.95–1.42)	1.02 (0.83–1.25)	1.03 (0.83–1.29)	0.68
Dairy protein (% energy)
Cut-point		1.5	2.1	2.7	3.5
Cases/controls	372/677	326/723	332/717	331/718	356/693
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.88 (0.73–1.07)	0.89 (0.73–1.08)	0.91 (0.75–1.11)	0.97 (0.80–1.18)	0.95
Carbohydrate (% energy)
Cut-point		39.9	44.2	47.3	51.0
Cases/controls	358/691	357/692	346/703	323/726	333/716
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.03 (0.85–1.25)	1.03 (0.85–1.25)	0.93 (0.76–1.13)	1.04 (0.85–1.28)	0.59
Total fat (% energy)
Cut-point		28.6	31.8	34.6	37.5
Cases/controls	368/681	342/707	340/709	338/711	329/720
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.95 (0.78–1.15)	0.98 (0.81–1.19)	0.99 (0.81–1.21)	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	0.83
SFA (% energy)
Cut-point		9.9	11.3	12.8	14.6
Cases/controls	384/665	336/713	343/706	323/726	331/718
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.96 (0.79–1.16)	1.03 (0.85–1.25)	1.01 (0.83–1.23)	1.04 (0.85–1.27)	0.98
MUFA (% energy)
Cut-point		9.8	10.9	12.0	13.1
Cases/controls	353/696	349/700	347/702	329/720	339/710
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.07 (0.89–1.30)	1.08 (0.89–1.31)	1.07 (0.88–1.30)	1.04 (0.86–1.26)	0.67
PUFA (% energy)
Cut-point		4.8	5.6	6.4	7.4
Cases/controls	367/682	333/716	343/706	347/702	327/722
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.93 (0.77–1.13)	1.04 (0.85–1.26)	1.02 (0.84–1.24)	0.98 (0.80–1.19)	0.78
n-6 fatty acids (% energy)e
Cut-point		4.0	4.7	5.4	6.5
Cases/controls	235/593	232/596	254/573	239/589	216/611
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.91 (0.72–1.14)	1.04 (0.82–1.31)	0.98 (0.78–1.24)	0.86 (0.68–1.09)	0.42
n-3 fatty acids (% energy)e
Cut-point		0.51	0.60	0.71	0.86
Cases/controls	246/582	213/615	234/593	231/597	252/575
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.80 (0.64–1.01)	0.91 (0.72–1.14)	0.85 (0.68–1.07)	0.91 (0.72–1.14)	0.72
Ratio n-6:n-3e
Cut-point		5.5	6.8	8.3	10.7
Cases/controls	243/585	263/565	228/599	223/605	219/608
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.15 (0.92–1.44)	0.99 (0.79–1.24)	0.93 (0.74–1.17)	0.94 (0.74–1.18)	0.75
Alcohol (g/d)f
Cut-point		1.0	10.0	20.0	40.0
Cases/controls	362/780	389/871	348/623	374/790	244/464
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.98 (0.81–1.18)	1.07 (0.88–1.30)	0.93 (0.77–1.12)	1.02 (0.82–1.28)	0.93
Dietary fibre (g/d)
Cut-point		10.9	13.6	16.3	20.1
Cases/controls	360/689	335/714	342/707	351/698	329/720
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.93 (0.76–1.13)	0.89 (0.73–1.10)	0.98 (0.80–1.21)	0.90 (0.72–1.12)	0.34
Retinol (μg/d)
Cut-point		234	325	439	654
Cases/controls	359/690	351/698	337/712	334/715	336/713
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.98 (0.81–1.19)	0.94 (0.77–1.15)	1.00 (0.81–1.24)	1.07 (0.86–1.33)	0.51
Carotene (μg/d)e
Cut-point		1470	2139	2796	3696
Cases/controls	234/593	230/599	223/604	237/591	252/575
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.96 (0.76–1.20)	0.88 (0.69–1.11)	0.95 (0.75–1.20)	0.96 (0.76–1.22)	0.84
Lycopene (μg/d)e
Cut-point		350	775	1303	2140
Cases/controls	217/596	236/577	258/554	237/576	213/599
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.10 (0.88–1.38)	1.17 (0.94–1.47)	1.02 (0.81–1.28)	0.85 (0.67–1.07)	0.28
Vitamin B-6 (mg/d)
Cut-point		1.72	2.04	2.34	2.76
Cases/controls	306/743	339/710	347/713	338/700	387/662
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.12 (0.91–1.37)	1.16 (0.94–1.42)	1.09 (0.88–1.35)	1.26 (1.00–1.58)	0.20
Folate (μg/d)
Cut-point		218	261	304	362
Cases/controls	336/713	338/711	327/722	369/680	347/702
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.00 (0.82–1.21)	1.03 (0.84–1.26)	1.21 (0.98–1.49)	1.04 (0.83–1.30)	0.69
Vitamin B-12 (μg/d)
Cut-point		3.18	4.17	5.24	7.15
Cases/controls	338/711	345/704	340/709	356/693	338/711
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.02 (0.84–1.24)	0.99 (0.81–1.21)	1.04 (0.85–1.27)	1.03 (0.83–1.26)	0.42
Vitamin C (mg/d)
Cut-point		45.6	65.0	88.6	125.2
Cases/controls	346/703	343/706	333/716	331/718	364/685
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.06 (0.87–1.28)	0.95 (0.78–1.16)	0.99 (0.81–1.21)	1.05 (0.86–1.29)	0.63
Vitamin D (μg/d)
Cut-point		1.85	2.73	3.76	5.26
Cases/controls	334/715	346/703	340/709	347/702	350/699
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.13 (0.93–1.37)	1.09 (0.90–1.34)	1.06 (0.87–1.30)	1.09 (0.88–1.33)	0.84
Vitamin E (mg/d)
Cut-point		7.1	9.0	11.1	14.1
Cases/controls	381/668	336/713	325/724	334/715	341/708
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.90 (0.74–1.09)	0.89 (0.73–1.09)	0.90 (0.73–1.11)	1.02 (0.81–1.27)	0.55
Calcium (mg/d)
Cut-point		659	798	928	1112
Cases/controls	362/687	337/712	328/721	366/683	324/725
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.98 (0.80–1.19)	0.96 (0.78–1.17)	1.20 (0.97–1.49)	1.00 (0.79–1.28)	0.53
Iron (mg/d)
Cut-point		9.9	11.7	13.6	15.9
Cases/controls	366/683	335/714	334/715	348/702	334/714
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.92 (0.75–1.12)	0.92 (0.75–1.14)	1.01 (0.81–1.26)	0.97 (0.76–1.24)	0.97
Magnesium (mg/d)
Cut-point		248	292	334	390
Cases/controls	339/710	358/691	316/733	352/697	352/697
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	1.10 (0.90–1.34)	0.90 (0.73–1.11)	0.99 (0.80–1.24)	1.02 (0.79–1.31)	0.63
Selenium (μg/d)
Cut-point		49.3	61.0	73.2	89.1
Cases/controls	319/730	316/733	376/673	335/714	371/678
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.93 (0.76–1.14)	1.19 (0.98–1.46)	0.93 (0.76–1.15)	0.95 (0.76–1.19)	0.95
Zinc (mg/d)
Cut-point		7.4	8.7	9.8	11.4
Cases/controls	347/702	327/722	369/681	341/707	333/716
Odds ratio (95% CI)	1.00	0.94 (0.77–1.15)	1.07 (0.87–1.32)	0.93 (0.74–1.15)	0.89 (0.70–1.14)	0.77

^aConditional logistic regression adjusted for age, BMI, socioeconomic, smoking and marital status, diabetes and energy intake.

^bP values relate to tests for trend obtained for continuous intake variable.

^cFirst and second quintiles (and third^d)

^dcombined due to large proportion of non-consumers.

^eUnknown for some participants.

^fAlcohol intake in five categories (<1, 1–9, 10–19, 20–39, ⩾40 g/d).