Table 5. Odds ratios for prostate cancer diagnosis with dietary intake by cancer detection method.

Food or nutrient intake (1 s.d.)a	All studies N=1717/3258b	Clinically-detected(4 studies) N=663/2267b	PSA-detected (ProtecT study) N=1054/1261b	P value for heterogeneityc
Red meat (31.3 g/d)	1.00 (0.94–1.07)	0.96 (0.87–1.06)	1.04 (0.95–1.13)	0.25
Processed meat (21.8 g/d)	1.00 (0.94–1.07)	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	1.02 (0.94–1.11)	0.55
Red and processed meat (39.8 g/d)	1.00 (0.94–1.07)	0.96 (0.86–1.06)	1.04 (0.96–1.14)	0.20
Poultry (25.1 g/d)	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	0.98 (0.90–1.06)	0.27
White fish (17.4 g/d)	1.02 (0.96–1.08)	1.02 (0.93–1.11)	1.02 (0.93–1.11)	0.99
Oily fish (21.7 g/d)	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	0.94 (0.86–1.03)	1.06 (0.97–1.15)	0.08
Milk (144 g/d)	1.03 (0.97–1.10)	1.06 (0.97–1.16)	1.00 (0.91–1.10)	0.37
Cheese (17.2 g/d)	0.96 (0.90–1.03)	0.96 (0.87–1.05)	0.96 (0.88–1.06)	0.93
Yogurt (44.5 g/d)	0.98 (0.93–1.04)	0.96 (0.87–1.07)	0.99 (0.92–1.07)	0.64
Fruit and vegetables (172 g/d)	0.99 (0.92–1.05)	1.06 (0.97–1.16)	0.93 (0.85–1.03)	0.06
Energy intake (2.10 MJ/d)	1.01 (0.95–1.08)	1.06 (0.96–1.16)	0.98 (0.89–1.07)	0.22
Protein (2.7% energy)	1.01 (0.95–1.09)	1.03 (0.92–1.16)	1.01 (0.92–1.10)	0.74
Protein from dairy products (1.3% energy)	1.00 (0.94–1.06)	1.03 (0.94–1.13)	0.97 (0.89–1.06)	0.38
Carbohydrate (6.8% energy)	0.98 (0.92–1.05)	1.03 (0.93–1.13)	0.95 (0.87–1.04)	0.26
Total fat (5.4% energy)	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	0.99 (0.90–1.09)	1.02 (0.94–1.11)	0.61
Saturated fat (3.0% energy)	1.00 (0.94–1.06)	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	1.01 (0.92–1.09)	0.73
Monounsaturated fat (2.1% energy)	1.01 (0.95–1.08)	1.01 (0.92–1.11)	1.02 (0.94–1.11)	0.88
Polyunsaturated fat (1.7% energy)	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	0.98 (0.90–1.08)	1.03 (0.95–1.13)	0.42
n-6 fatty acids (1.8% energy)d	0.97 (0.90–1.05)	0.98 (0.89–1.08)	0.95 (0.83–1.10)	0.77
n-3 fatty acids (0.27% energy)d	1.01 (0.94–1.09)	1.02 (0.92–1.13)	1.01 (0.91–1.13)	0.88
Ratio n-6:n-3 (3.7)d	0.99 (0.92–1.06)	0.97 (0.89–1.06)	1.02 (0.90–1.16)	0.55
Alcohol (21.6 g/d)	1.00 (0.93–1.06)	0.97 (0.88–1.07)	1.02 (0.93–1.11)	0.49
Dietary fibre (6.0 g/d)	0.97 (0.90–1.04)	1.04 (0.94–1.14)	0.92 (0.83–1.02)	0.09
Retinol (1055 μg/d)	1.02 (0.96–1.09)	1.04 (0.96–1.12)	1.00 (0.90–1.12)	0.62
Carotene (1568 μg/d)d	1.01 (0.94–1.08)	1.05 (0.96–1.15)	0.94 (0.82–1.07)	0.17
Lycopene (1978 μg/d)d	0.96 (0.89–1.03)	0.94 (0.84–1.05)	0.97 (0.88–1.07)	0.68
Vitamin B6 (0.67 mg/d)	1.05 (0.98–1.13)	1.09 (0.98–1.21)	1.04 (0.94–1.15)	0.54
Folate (90 μg/d)	1.01 (0.94–1.09)	1.05 (0.95–1.16)	1.00 (0.90–1.10)	0.46
Vitamin B12 (3.97 μg/d)	1.03 (0.96–1.09)	1.06 (0.98–1.15)	0.99 (0.89–1.09)	0.28
Vitamin C (52.8 mg/d)	1.02 (0.95–1.08)	1.02 (0.92–1.12)	1.02 (0.94–1.11)	0.91
Vitamin D (2.77 μg/d)	1.01 (0.95–1.07)	0.92 (0.83–1.03)	1.06 (0.98–1.15)	0.04
Vitamin E (4.9 mg/d)	1.02 (0.95–1.10)	1.01 (0.91–1.11)	1.05 (0.94–1.18)	0.55
Calcium (283 mg/d)	1.03 (0.95–1.11)	1.05 (0.94–1.18)	0.99 (0.88–1.11)	0.46
Iron (3.9 mg/d)	1.00 (0.93–1.08)	1.00 (0.89–1.12)	1.02 (0.92–1.15)	0.75
Magnesium (91 mg/d)	0.98 (0.90–1.06)	1.02 (0.91–1.14)	0.96 (0.85–1.08)	0.48
Selenium (34.5 μg/d)	1.00 (0.94–1.07)	0.95 (0.85–1.07)	1.04 (0.96–1.13)	0.22
Zinc (2.53 mg/d)	0.99 (0.91–1.07)	1.03 (0.92–1.15)	0.96 (0.85–1.08)	0.39

^aConditional logistic regression adjusted for age, BMI, socioeconomic, smoking and marital status, diabetes and energy intake.

^bNumber of cases and controls.

^cTest of heterogeneity of trends between cohort studies (mostly clinically-detected disease) and ProtecT (PSA-detected disease).

^dUnknown for some participants.