Table 2. Recommended tools and approaches to identify the patient clusters in clinical practice.

Cluster identification approaches	Attitudinal–Control Cluster
	Well-adjusted	Rejectors	Endurer	Lost	Worrier
Validated typing tool	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Consultation skills	✓	✓ Open, non-judgmental, non-paternalistic attitude to allow patients to share their misgivings/doubts/reasons for denial	✓	✓	✓ Risk profile and understand concerns
Asthma control assessment (ACT, ACQ, RCP3, GINA-based symptom control assessment)	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
Exacerbation history/risk assessment	✓	✓	✓	✓	✓
FeNO	✓	×	×	✓	✓
Assessment of access to healthcare	✓	×	×	×	×
Lung function testing (spirometry, peak flow)	✓	✓	✓	✓	×
Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire (BMQ)	×	✓	✓	✓	✓
Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS)	×	✓	✓	×	✓
Quality of life assessment (AQLQ)	×	✓	✓	✓	✓
Assess medication-related adverse events	×	×	✓	✓	×
Dysfunctional breathing assessment	×	×	×	✓	✓
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Score (HADS)	×	×	×	✓	✓
Inhalation technique assessment	×	✓	×	×	✓
Induced sputum analysis	✓	×	×	×	×
Medication history review	✓	×	×	×	×
Assessment of patient's perceived self-efficacy	×	×	✓	×	×
Comorbidity Assessment	×	×	×	✓	×

✓, specifically recommended for this patient group by the expert panel.

×, not specifically recommended for this patient group by the expert panel.