Table 1.

Commonly utilized biomaterials for periodontal tissue regeneration and their main advantages and disadvantages.

Material		Advantages	Disadvantages
Ceramics	Calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate)	• Similar composition to bone mineral • Osteoconductive • Approval for clinical application • Able to stimulate bone healing	• Not compatible with cell encapsulation • Brittleness • Low ductility • Inconsistent cell reactions resulting from variations in surface properties
Synthetic polymers	Polycaprolactone (PCL)	• Highly adjustable material properties (e.g. physiochemical and mechanical) • Wide range of degradation and resorption kinetics • Good production repeatability • Approval for clinical application	• Low bioactivity
	Polyglycolic acid (PGA)
Natural polymers	Collagen	• Good biocompatibility and cell affinity • Approval for clinical application	• Fast degradation rate • Low mechanical properties