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Body sodium and water changes leading to hypernatremia
| Nae | Body H2O | Clinical example |
| ↔ | ↓ | Diabetes insipidus |
| ↑ | ↔ | Salt tablet ingestion |
| ↑↑ | ↑ | Hypertonic infusions containing sodium salts |
| ↓ | ↓↓ | Loop diuretics, excessive sweating, osmotic diarrhea, osmotic diuresis |
| ↑ | ↓ | Not seen in practice |
Nae: Exchangeable body sodium; ↓ = decrease; ↓↓ = greater decrease; ↑ = increase; ↑↑ = greater increase, ↔ = no change.
