Table 1.
Main results of studies on the association of pathological gambling with Parkinson's disease therapy
| Study | Sample | Main results |
|---|---|---|
| Ardouin et al. (2006) | 7 PD patients with PG | After STN DBS PG resolved, possibly due to reduction in dopaminergic medication |
| Bandini et al. (2007) | 2 PD patients with PG | After STN DBS and reduction in dopaminergic medication PG resolved |
| Castrioto et al. (2014) | 20 PD patients after STN DBS | IGT score significantly improved after STN DBS and reduction in dopaminergic medication |
| Contarino et al. (2007) | 11 PD patients after STN DBS | Transient ICD after STN DBS surgery |
| Dodd et al. (2005) | 11 PD patients with PG | Strong association with DA, PG did not develop under L‐dopa monotherapy, but L‐dopa might be contributory |
| Funkiewiez et al. (2003) | 50 PD patients after STN DBS | Transient ICDs after STN DBS surgery |
| Frank et al. (2007) | 32 PD patients | Higher impulsivity on STN DBS |
| Gallagher et al. (2007) | 177 PD patients with PG | Strongest association with DA; no clear difference between each DA; L‐dopa the most frequently co‐prescribed medication |
| Hälbig et al. (2009) | 53 PD patients | Higher BIS scores in PD patients with STN DBS; ICD more frequent in patients after STN DBS |
| Voon et al. (2006) | 297 patients with PD | PG more frequent in patients with DA monotherapy and DA + L‐dopa then L‐dopa monotherapy; no association to dose |
| Weintraub et al. (2006) | 272 patients with PD | No difference between each DA; higher LEDD associated with ICDs |
| Weintraub et al. (2010) | 3090 patients with PD | Highest ICD frequency in patients under combined DA and L‐dopa therapy; strong association with DA; no difference between DA medications |
BIS, Barratt Impulsivity Scale; DA, dopamine agonists; ICD, impulse control disorder; IGT, Iowa gambling task; LEDD, L‐dopa equivalent daily dose; PD, Parkinson's disease; PG, pathological gambling; STN DBS, subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation.