Table 3.
Women | Men | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ||||||
Parameter | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Standard Error | p-value | Hazard Ratio (95% CI) | Standard Error | p-value |
Model 1 – Unadjusted depressive symptoms | ||||||
Overall depressive symptoms | – | – | 0.05 | – | – | 0.04 |
Mild vs. no/low depressive symptoms | 1.38 (0.85–2.25) | 0.25 | 0.19 | 2.33 (1.33–4.08) | 0.29 | 0.003 |
Moderate/severe vs. no/low depressive symptoms | 2.10 (1.12–3.94) | 0.32 | 0.02 | 0.27 (0.04–1.96) | 1.01 | 0.20 |
Model 2 – Adjust for demographics | ||||||
Age | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 0.02 | <0.001 | 1.09 (1.04–1.14) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
Education (years) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) | 0.03 | 0.002 | 1.04 (0.97–1.11) | 0.04 | 0.32 |
Overall depressive symptoms | – | – | 0.10 | – | – | 0.004 |
Mild vs. no/low depressive symptoms | 1.25 (0.77–2.05) | 0.25 | 0.37 | 2.32 (1.32–4.08) | 0.29 | 0.003 |
Moderate/severe vs. no/low depressive symptoms | 1.97 (1.05–3.70) | 0.32 | 0.03 | 0.28 (0.04–2.04) | 1.01 | 0.21 |
Model 3 – Adjust for significant covariates | ||||||
Age | 1.08 (1.04–1.12) | 0.02 | <0.001 | 1.10 (1.05–1.15) | 0.02 | <0.001 |
Education (years) | 0.90 (0.85–0.96) | 0.03 | 0.002 | 1.03 (0.96–1.11) | 0.04 | 0.38 |
Antidepressant medication use | 0.89 (0.28–2.87) | 0.59 | 0.84 | 3.28 (1.27–8.49) | 0.48 | 0.01 |
Overall depressive symptoms | – | – | 0.10 | – | – | 0.007 |
Mild vs. no/low depressive symptoms | 1.26 (0.77–2.06) | 0.25 | 0.36 | 2.22 (1.26–3.89) | 0.29 | 0.006 |
Moderate/severe vs. no/low depressive symptoms | 1.99 (1.05–3.77) | 0.33 | 0.03 | 0.29 (0.04–2.11) | 1.01 | 0.22 |
Notes. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) with 2 degree of freedom for the main effect of the overall depressive symptom variable and 1 degree of freedom for the individual contrasts of depressive symptom groups and covariates. The Wald Chi-square test was the test statistic used to determine significance level of parameters in the Cox models.