Table 2.

Within‐group and between‐group differences in GDS and MADRS scores at 4 and 7 months

			Adjusted within‐groupa						Adjusted between‐groupb
			Exercise			Control
Test	n c	Month	n d	Mean (95% CI)	P	n d	Mean (95% CI)	P	Mean (95% CI)	P	ICCe
GDS	183	4	83	0.03 (–0.53, 0.59)	0.91	81	0.08 (–0.49, 0.64)	0.78	–0.05 (–0.84, 0.75)	0.91	0.032
	184	7	73	–0.03 (–0.61, 0.56)	0.92	75	0.03 (–0.55, 0.61)	0.91	–0.06 (–0.89, 0.76)	0.88
MADRS	183	4	83	0.40 (–0.77, 1.57)	0.50	80	0.33 (–0.85, 1.52)	0.58	0.06 (–1.60, 1.73)	0.94	<0.001
	184	7	73	–0.08 (–1.30, 1.15)	0.90	74	–0.24 (–1.47, 0.99)	0.70	0.16 (–1.57, 1.89)	0.86

Note

GDS, 15‐item Geriatric Depression Scale; MADRS, Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale; CI, confidence interval; ICC, intracluster correlation coefficient.

^aPerformed using linear mixed models with least square means (follow‐up – baseline values), adjusted for age, sex, antidepressant use, cluster, and test‐subject.

^bThree‐way interactions of activity, time, and subgroup were analyzed in the total sample using linear mixed models adjusting for cluster and test‐subject as random effects and age, sex, and antidepressant use as fixed effects.

^cNumber of participants in analyses with baseline or follow‐up outcome measurement.

^dNumber of participants in subgroup with complete before‐and‐after measurement.

^eCalculated as the proportion of the total variance attributed to cluster variance in GDS and MADRS scores in the total sample.