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. 2016 Nov 23;80(6):909–923. doi: 10.1002/ana.24815

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© 2016 The Authors Annals of Neurology published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Neurological Association

This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution‐NonCommercial‐NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

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Phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors restore the loss of astrocytic glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST) expression in Cln3^Δex7/8 mice. Cln3^Δex7/8 and wild‐type (WT) mice (n = 4–8/group) received vehicle, (A, B) 5mg/kg roflumilast (RF), or (C, D) 0.5mg/kg PF‐06266047 (PF) via daily oral gavage beginning at 1 month of age, whereupon animals were sacrificed 6 months later for quantitative assessments of GLAST expression in the somatosensory barrel field cortex (S1BF) and thalamus. Significant differences between groups are denoted by asterisks (*p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ****p < 0.0001).