Table 1.

Characteristics of populations and interventions of included studies

Trial	Level of albuminuria	Type of diabetes	Hypertension at baseline	Blood pressure equalised	Intervention*	No of patients	Follow up (months)
ACE inhibitors v placebo or no treatment:
Estacio and Schrier (ABCD) 1998†w1	Mixed	2	Yes	Yes	Enalapril 5-40 mg/d‡	246	63.6
Ahmad et al 1997w3	Microalbuminuria	2	—	Yes	Enalapril 10 mg/d‡	103	60
Ahmad et al 2003w4 w5	Microalbuminuria	1	—	Yes	Enalapril 10 mg/d‡	73	60
O'Hare et al (ATLANTIS) 2000†w6	Microalbuminuria	1	—	—	Ramipril 1.25 mg/d‡	134	24
Bakris et al 1994w7	Microalbuminuria	1	—	—	Lisinopril 78 (SD 8) mg/d	15	18
Bauer et al 1992w8	Macroalbuminuria	Mixed	Yes	Yes	Enalapril 5-40 mg/d‡	33	18
Bojestig et al 2001w9	Microalbuminuria	1	—	—	Ramipril 1.25 mg/d v ramipril 5.0 mg/d	55	24
Capek et al 1994w10	Microalbuminuria	2	Yes	—	Captopril 37.5 mg/d	15	12
Carella et al 1999w11	Microalbuminuria	1	—	Yes	Fosinopril 10 mg/d‡	16	24
Chase et al 1993w12	Microalbuminuria	1	—	—	Captopril 50 mg twice daily	16	24
Cordonnier et al 1999w13	Macroalbuminuria	2	Yes	Yes	Perindopril 4 mg/d†	22	24
Crepaldi et al 1998†w14	Microalbuminuria	1	—	—	Lisinopril 2.5-20 mg/d	96	36
Baines (ESPRIT) 2001w15	Mixed	1	—	Yes	Enalapril 10-20 mg/d	33	36
EUCLID Study Group 1997w16	Mixed	1	—	—	Lisinopril 10-20 mg/d	530	24
Garg et al 1998†w18	Microalbuminuria	1	—	—	Ramipril 5 mg/d	11	12
Hansen et al 1994w19	Microalbuminuria	1	Yes	—	Captopril 50 mg twice daily	22	24
Jerums et al 2001†w21	Microalbuminuria	1	—	—	Perindopril 2-8 mg/d	23	36
Katayama et al 2002†w22	Microalbuminuria	1	Yes	Yes	Captopril 37.5 mg/d; imidapril 5 mg/d‡	79	18
Laffel et al 1995w23	Microalbuminuria	1	—	Yes	Captopril 50 mg twice daily‡	143	24
Lebovitz et al 1994w24	Mixed	2	Yes	Yes	Enalapril 5-40 mg/d†	121	36
Lewis et al 1993w25	Macroalbuminuria	1	Yes	Yes	Captopril 25 mg three times daily‡	409	36
Marre et al 1987w26	Microalbuminuria	Mixed			Enalapril 20 mg/d	20	6
Maschio et al 1996w29	Macroalbuminuria	2	Yes	Yes	Benazepril 10 mg/d‡	21	36
Mathiesen et al 1999w30	Macroalbuminuria	1	—	—	Captopril 100 mg/d	45	48
Micro-HOPE 2000w33	Microalbuminuria	Mixed	Yes	—	Ramipril 10 mg/d‡	1140	54
Nankervis et al 1998w35	Microalbuminuria	Mixed	Yes	Yes	Perindopril 4 mg/d‡	31	36
O'Donnell et al 1993w36	Microalbuminuria	Mixed	—	Yes	Lisinopril 10 mg/d‡	32	12
Parving et al 1989w37	Macroalbuminuria	1	—	—	Captopril 25-100 mg/d	33	12
Parving et al 2001w38 w39	Macroalbuminuria	1	—	—	Captopril 74 mg/d	33	96
Phillips et al 1993w40	Mixed	1	Yes	—	Cilazapril 2.5-5 mg/d	25	24
Poulsen et al 2001w41 w42	Microalbuminuria	1	Yes	—	Lisinopril 20 mg/d	57	24
Ravid et al 1993w43 w45	Microalbuminuria	2	—	Yes	Enalapril 10 mg/d‡	94	60
Romero et al 1993w47	Microalbuminuria	2	—	—	Captopril 25 mg/d	26	6
Sano et al 1994w48	Microalbuminuria	2	Yes	Yes	Enalapril 5 mg/d‡	52	48
Stornello et al 1992w51	Macroalbuminuria	2	Yes	—	Enalapril 5 mg/d	24	6
Trevisan and Tiengo 1995w52	Microalbuminuria	2	Yes	—	Ramipril 1.25 mg/d	122	6
ACE inhibitors v AIIRAs:
Lacourciere et al 2000w53	Microalbuminuria	2	Yes	Yes	Enalapril 5-10 mg/d v Iosartan 50 mg/d‡	92	12
Tutuncu et al 2001w54	Microalbuminuria	2	—	—	Enalapril 5 mg/d v Iosartan 50 mg/d	24	12
Muirhead et al 1989w55	Microalbuminuria	2	Yes	—	Captopril 25 mg three times daily v valsartan 80 mg/d v valsartan 160 mg/d v placebo‡	90	13
AIIRA v placebo or no treatment:
Brenner et al 2001w56	Macroalbuminuria	2	Yes	Yes	Losartan 50-100 mg/d‡	1513	40.8
Lewis et al 2001w57	Macroalbuminuria	2	Yes	Yes	Irbesartan 75-300 mg/d‡	1148	30
Parving et al 2001w58	Microalbuminuria	2	Yes	Yes	Irbesartan 150-300 mg/d‡	590	24
Tan et al 2002w59	Microalbuminuria	2	Yes	—	Losartan 50 mg/d‡	80	6

ACE=angiotensin converting enzyme; AIIRA=angiotensin II receptor anatagonist.

^*Control arm indicated if different from placebo or no treatment.

^†Included placebo or no treatment control arm along with additional treatment arm (non-ACE inhibitor, non-AIIRA).

^‡Cointerventions: calcium channel blockers, β blockers, α blockers, or diuretics.