Table 3. CFR of iNTS disease from studies in Africa (1966 to 2014).

Author	Ref no.	Location; Study dates	CFR %	Setting	Subjects	Study entry criteria	# iNTS cases	# Deaths	Comments
Bachou et al 2006	[41]	Kampala, Uganda; Sep 2003 to Dec 2004	23.3	rural, hospital	Inpatients < 5 years old	Severe malnutrition	30	7	HIV-infected subjects
Bassat et al 2009	[45]	Southern Mozambique, Mozambique; June 2003 to May 2007	25.0	rural, hospital	Inpatients ≤ 5 years old	severe malaria	8	2
Berkozwit et al 1984	[50]	Soweto, South Africa; January to Dec 1982	19.6	urban, hospital	Inpatients < 11 years old	All admissions	56	11
Blomberg et al 2007	[51]	Dar es Salam, Tanzania; August 2001 to August 2002	34.4	Hospital	Inpatients ≤ 7 years old	clinical septicaemia	32	11	21.6% malaria prevalence amongst participants
Bouallegue-Godet et al 2005	[52]	Sousse, Tunisia; July 2002	66.7	urban, hospital	inpatients, neonates	ND	3	2	Neonates
Brent et al 2006	[3]	Kilifi, Kenya; August 1998 to July 2002	21.1	rural, hospital	Inpatients < 13 years old	Salmonella blood culture positive	166	35
Dube et al 1983	[65]	Lusaka, Zambia; March to August 1980	20.0	hospital	Inpatients ≤ 2 years old	Clinical infection	10	2	Mostly neonates
Enwere et al, 2006	[67]	Basse & Bassang, Gambia; August 2000 to April 2004	4.3	rural, hospital	vaccine trial subjects, 2 to 29 months	Fever	92	4	Death within 28 day period
Feikin et al 2012	[75]	Asembo, Kenya; March 2007 to February 2010	0.0	rural, hospital	in & outpatients ≥ 5 years old	respiratory illness	41	0	37.9% HIV prevalence
Gilks et al 1990	[81]	Nairobi, Kenya; Nov 1988 to May 1989	72.7	urban, hospital	All ages	Inpatients	11	8	10 were HIV-infected with bacteraemia on admission
Gordon et al 2002	[82]	Blantyre, Malawi;	47.0	rural & urban, hospital	Inpatients ≥ 18 years old	Not specified	100	47	99% HIV prevalence
Gordon et al 2001	[84]	Blantyre, Malawi; Dec 1997 to Nov 1998	32.9	urban, hospital	Inpatients ≥14 years old	Fever	164	54	92% HIV prevalence amongst 25 NTS cases
Graham et al 2000	[86]	Blantyre, Malawi; February 1996 to April 1998	24.1	hospital	Inpatients ≤ 14 years old	Bacteraemia	241	58	HIV infected subjects, 31% malaria parasitaemia prevalence
Grant et al 1998	[88]	Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire; Dec 1995 to March 1996	50.0	urban, hospital	Inpatients ≥ 18 years old	respiratory illness	14	7	HIV infected subjects, CFR includes 3 E. Coli cases
Green et al 1993	[89]	Western Zaire, D.R.C; January 1982 to Dec. 1986	22.7	rural, hospital	in & outpatients ≤ 5 years old	Clinical Salmonella	172	39
Hadfield TL et al 1985	[93]	Zorzor, Liberia; October 1980 to August 1982	27.8	hospital	Inpatients ≤ 16 years old	S. Enteritidis blood culture positive	97	27
Mandomando et al 2009	[122]	Manhiça, Mozambique; May 2001 to April 2006	12.2	rural, hospital	Inpatients < 10 years old	Fever	344	42	NTS associated with severe malnutrition, anaemia and age
Phoba et al 2014	[152]	Equateur, Democratic Republic of Congo; Nov 2011 to May 2012	12.0	hospital			83	10	69.7% has P. falciparum infection
Pithie et al 1993	[154]	Harare, Zimbabwe;	40.7	hospital	All ages	Bacteraemia	27	11	50% HIV prevalence
Sigauque et al 2009	[160]	Manhiça, Mozambique; May 2001 to April 2006	12.2	rural, hospital	Inpatients < 10 years old	All admissions	344	42
Sow S.O. 2011	[188]	Bamako, Mali; July 2002 to June 2010	20.0	hospital	Inpatients ≤ 10 years old	Fever	434	87
Tabu et al 2012	[164]	Asembo, Kenya; October 2006 to September 2009	11.7	rural, hospital	≤ 50 years old	Fever, respiratory illness, medical admissions	60	7
Vaagland et al 2004	[165]	Northern Tanzania, Tanzania; July to August 2000	60.0	rural, hospital	Inpatients ≤ 6 years old	Clinical septicaemia	5	3
Walsh et al, 2000	[172]	Blantyre, Malawi; Sept. 1996 to August 1997	26.2	rural & urban, hospital	Inpatients < 15 years old	Fever	122	32	median age for iNTS cases—15.5 months
		Total					2656	548