Table 4.
Rate of Fetal Growth Restriction In Singleton Pregnancies by Timing of Smoking Cessation
| Non-Smokers N=697,266 |
Smoked Preconception Only N=53,355 |
Smoked Through 1st Trimester N=21,803 |
Smoked Through 2nd Trimester N=8,797 |
Smoked throughout pregnancy N=132,536 |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| FGR <10th Percentile | 56,566 (8.1%) | 4,485 (8.4%) | 2,286 (10.5%) | 1,281 (14.6%) | 24,182 (18.3%) |
| Attributable Risk | 0.3% (0.25,0.35) | 2.4% (2.2,2.6) | 6.5% (5.98, 7.02) | 10.2% (10.04,10.36) | |
| Crude OR | Ref. | 1.04 (1.01, 1.07) | 1.33 (1.27, 1.39) | 1.93 (1.82, 2.05) | 2.53 (2.49, 2.57) |
| * Adjusted OR | Ref. | 0.99 (0.95, 1.02) | 1.19 (1.13, 1.24) | 1.67 (1.57, 1.78) | 2.26 (2.22, 2.31) |
| FGR <5th Percentile | 25,380 (3.6%) | 2,034 (3.8%) | 1,105 (5.1%) | 649 (7.4%) | 12,500 (9.4%) |
| Attributable Risk | 0.2% (0.16,0.24) | 1.5% (1.34,1.66) | 3.8% (3.4,4.2) | 5.8% (5.67,5.93) | |
| Crude OR | Ref. | 1.05 (1.00, 1.10) | 1.41 (1.33, 1.50) | 2.11 (1.95, 2.29) | 2.76 (2.70, 2.82) |
| * Adjusted OR | Ref. | 1.00 (0.96, 1.05) | 1.25 (1.17, 1.33) | 1.83 (1.68, 1.99) | 2.44 (2.37, 2.51) |
*
Odds ratios were adjusted for maternal age, race, education level, Medicaid, marital status, pregestational hypertension and diabetes, gestational hypertension and diabetes, and Body Mass Index. Births with fetal anomalies and multiple gestations were excluded.
All comparisons are statistically significant at p-value ≤0.001 for the X2 statistic corresponding to the 5 IPI group comparison for each maternal characteristic in this table.