Table 3.

Meta-regression of covariates: urine processing and NAAT technology (n =7)^*

Parameter	Studies n	Sensitivity % (95%CI)	P value	Specificity % (95%CI)	P value
Sample
Morning14–16	3	0.67 (0.38–0.95)	0.20	0.95 (0.81–1.00)	0.13
Spot9,17,18	3	0.38 (0.13–0.64)		0.95 (0.81–1.00)
Urine storage temperature†
<−70°C14,15,17,18	4	0.71 (0.54–0.88)	0.05	0.96 (0.86–1.00)	0.10
⩾−70°C9,16,19	3	0.35 (0.17–0.53)		0.93 (0.77–1.00)
Centrifuge speed, rpm
<50009,14–18	6	0.61 (0.46–0.76)	0.05	0.93 (0.82–1.00)	<0.001
⩾500019	1	0.19 (0.03–0.42)		0.99 (0.96–1.00)
Supernatant
Retained9,14,15,17,18	5	0.61 (0.36–0.87)	0.57	0.92 (0.79–1.00)	0.01
Discarded16,19	2	0.47 (0.08–0.87)		0.98 (0.93–1.00)
Gene targets†
IS611014–17	4	0.70 (0.48–0.91)	0.08	0.94 (0.84–1.00)	<0.001
rpoB gene target9,19	2	0.33 (0.04–0.61)		0.99 (0.96–1.00)

^*Adjusting single covariates of urine processing in meta-regression in seven studies: Aceti,¹⁴ Kafwabulula,¹⁵ Torrea,¹⁶ Cannas,¹⁷ Gopinath,¹⁸ Lawn,¹⁹ Peter.⁹

^†Timing of collection of the urine sample and gene targets IS6110 or rpoB gene targets was documented/assessed in 6/7 studies.

NAAT =nucleic acid amplification test; CI =confidence interval; rpin =revolutions per minute; IS =insertion sequence.