Table 1. Key drivers of the fishery functioning of marine reserves.

Arrows highlight the net impact of an increase in parameter value on the maximum reserve coverage for biodiversity conservation without fisheries costs (sustain fisheries) and the optimum reserve coverage to benefit fisheries (rebuild fisheries). Plus signs rank the relative strengths and uncertainties of impacts: + low, ++ medium, +++ strong. The strongest drivers of fishery impacts are marked in bold. See text and S1 Table for explanations.

Parameters	Maximum Coverage to Sustain	Optimum Coverage to Rebuild	Impact/Uncertainty	Tested
Species
Natural adult mortality	↑	↑	++/++	Yes
Growth	↓	↓	+/+	Yes
Movements
Larval dispersal	↑	↓↑	+++/++	Yes
Juvenile spillover	↑	↓↑	+++/++	Implicit
Adult spillover	↑	↑	+++/++	Yes
Density-dependence
Pre-settlement	↓	↑	+++/+++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Post-settlement
Intra-cohort	↓	↓	+++/++	Yes
Inter-cohort	↓	↑	+++/+++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Inter-specific	↓↑	↓↑	+++/+++	No [20]
Fishery
Exploitation level	↓	↑	+++/++	Yes
Effort displacement	↑	↑	++/++	Yes
Fisher mobility	↑	↓	++/++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Partial non-compliance	?	↑	?/++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Catch regulations	↑	↓	+++/+	No [21,22]
Socio-economic context	↓↑	↓↑	++/+++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Environment
Stochasticity in recruitment	↑	↑	++/++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Gradients in habitat quality	↓↑	↓↑	++/++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Asymmetric connectivity	↓	↓	++/+++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Trophic interactions	↓↑	↓↑	+++/++	No [23,24]
Behavioral interactions	↓↑	↓↑	?/+++	No [25]
Reserve network design
Location of reserves	↓↑	↓↑	+++/+++	Yes (see S1 Table)
Size of reserves	↓	↓	+++/++	Yes