Progesterone pre-treated groups of mice were passively immunized with either pooled pre-immune sera (n = 10), or sera raised against indicated chimeric VLP, HPV5 or 16 L1 VLP (n = 5 each), or sera raised against the respective PsV or VLP (n = 5) as a type-specific controls. As indicated, mice transferred with immune sera to HPV5L1-17RG1 and HPV16L1-17RG1 VLP were challenged with HPV5 (A), 20 (B), 24 (C), 38 (D), 76 (E) and 96 (F) PsV, whereas the latter serum additionally was evaluated by HPV16 challenge (G). HPV1L1-4RG1 VLP-raised sera were tested for efficacy against HPV4 PsV challenge (H). A human immune serum reactive against HPV1 was used as a control. Luciferase activity was measured as p/s/cm2/sr (average radiance) and quantified after background subtraction (n = 5 mice challenged with CMC only). *, ** and *** indicate t-test p-values of <0.05, <0.005 and <0.0005.