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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Dec 1.
Published in final edited form as: Cancer Metastasis Rev. 2016 Dec;35(4):677–684. doi: 10.1007/s10555-016-9638-9

Table 2.

Several new research-facilitating imaging technologies for brain metastasis

Name Description Ref
MPLSM Multiphoton laser-scanning microscopy through a chronic cranial window to enable long-term in vivo microscopy. [29]
Gd-MRI Gadolinium-enhanced MRI used to evaluate the blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity in brain metastasis mouse model. [30]
TSPO-targeted SPECT/PET Non-invasive SPECT/PET imaging based on induction of translocator protein (TSPO) expression following glial activation. [31]
5HRE-ODD-luc HIF-1α reporter construct, 5HRE-ODD-luc, enables non-invasive imaging of hypoxia dynamics in brain metastasis mouse model. [34]
SMART 3D An integrative imaging platform that enables multiplexed quantitative 3D analysis of metastasis in situ from the molecular level to the whole organ scale. [35]
CLARITY Transformation of intact tissue into a nanoporous hydrogel-hybridized form for transparent visualization. [36]

Note: SMART 3D, Spatial filtering-based background removal and Multi-chAnnel forest classifiers-based 3D ReconsTruction; CLARITY, Clear Lipid-exchanged Acrylamide-hybridized Rigid Imaging/Immunostaining/in situ-hybridization-compatible Tissue hYdrogel.