Table 1.
Summary of genotype, explant, media, and transformation methods used in various maize transformation studies.
| S.No. | Genotype | Explant | Media | Transformation method | Gene | Transformation frequency | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | HKI 163 | Seedling plumule | N6 | Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation | cry1Ab;bar; gus | 4% | Abhishek et al. (2014b) |
| 2 | Pa91 X H99 hybrid | Leaf | N6 and KT | Biolistic transformation | phosphomannose isomerase (pmi) promoter CMPS | NA | Ahmadabadi et al. (2007) |
| 3 | Tropical lines CML72, CML216, CML323, CML327, CML72, CML216, CML67, CML216, CML216, CML72. | Immature embryos | N6 basal medium | Biolistic transformation | ubi:cry1ab+35s:bar-gus ubi:cry1ac+35s:bar-gus |
1–2% | Bohorova et al. (1999) |
| 4 | H99, A188, Pa91 X H99, A188 X H99 | Immature embryos | N6, MSC, and MS | Biolistic transformation | uidA; pat | 2–4% | Brettschneider et al. (1997) |
| 5 | AT-3 | Pistil filaments | Agrobacterium-mediated | gus; nptII | NA | Chumakov et al. (2006) | |
| 6 | Sweet corn | Aleurones and isolated embryos | MS | Biolistic transformation (Low-pressure BioWare gene gun) | gus | NA | Kao et al. (2008) |
| 7 | Inbred line H99 and Pa91 | Immature embryo and Type I callus | N6 | Electroporation | nptII | NA | D’Halluin et al. (1992) |
| 8 | Egyptian inbred lines Gz 643 | Scutellar tissues of immature embryos (1.0–2.0 mm long) | N6-based media | Biolistic transformation | gus; bar | NA | El-itriby et al. (2003) |
| 9 | A188 X B73 | Immature zygotic embryo | N6 and MS | Silicon carbide whisker-mediated transformation | bar | NA | Frame et al. (1994) |
| 10 | Hi-II | Type II callus | N6 | Biolistic transformation | bar | 0–11% | Frame et al. (2000) |
| 11 | HE/89 Embryogenic suspension culture (Ke2/2) | Embryogenic protoplasts | N6 | PEG mediated direct DNA transfer | mutant dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) | NA | Golovkin et al. (1993) |
| 12 | Hi-II and inbreds P38 and N46 | Immature embryo | 560P medium and 560Y | Microprojectile bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | RepA; gfp; bar | 3–20% | Gordon-Kamm et al. (2002) |
| 13 | A188 X B73 A188 X B84 |
Type II callus of immature embryo | N6 | Microprojectile bombardment | gus; bar | NA | Gordon-Kamm et al. (1990) |
| 14 | LH198 X Hi-II | Embryos | NA | Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | cp4 epsps | NA | Huang et al. (2004) |
| 15 | A188, W117, W59E, A554, W153R’H99, BMS cultivar | Immature embryo | N6 | Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated | gus; bar | 5–30% | Ishida et al. (1996) |
| 16 | Tropical inbred line Cat-100-6 | Immature embryos | ML1 | Biolistic transformation | gus | NA | Kemper et al. (1996) |
| 17 | Black Mexican Sweet (BMS; ATCC No 54022) | Intact maize cells in suspension culture | MS | Biolistic transformation | npt II; gus | NA | Klein et al. (1989) |
| 18 | Hi-II | Immature embryos | N6 | Agrobacterium | gus; bar | NA | Miller et al. (2002) |
| 19 | W506, M37W | Immature embryos | MS and N6 | Particle bombardment | gus; bar | NA | O’Kennedy et al. (2001) |
| 20 | Hi-II | Immature embryos | MS | Silicon carbide whisker mediated | bar; uidA | NA | Petolino et al. (2000) |
| 21 | Tropical inbred lines L3 and L1345 | Immature embryos | N6 | Biolistic transformation | bar; uidA | 0.9–2.31% | Petrillo et al. (2008) |
| 22 | Hi-II | Coleoptiles | N6 | Biolistic transformation | gus | 2 | Reggiardo et al. (1991) |
| 23 | Inbred H99 | Immature embryos | N6 | Biolistic transformation | gus; nptII | 1–5% | Shiva Prakash et al. (2009) |
| 24 | Inbred H99 | Immature embryos | N6 | Biolistic transformation | nptII | 42–54% 30–38% |
Shiva Prakash et al. (2008) |
| 25 | Egyptian inbred lines Giza 650, Sids 34, Sids 62 | Immature embryos | N6 | Particle bombardment and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation | hva1; bar | 1–2% | Assem et al. (2008) |
| 26 | A188 X B73 | Type II calli | MS | Biolistic transformation | gus; bar | NA | Vain et al. (1993) |
| 27 | Hi-II A X Hi-II B F2 | Immature embryos (F2) | N6 | Agrobacterium-mediated | gus; bar | 17.5% | Vega et al. (2008) |
| 28 | H99, LH198 X Hi II, PHA (Pa91 X H99)XA188, KHI and proprietary lines LI, L2, L4, L9, and L9 × L5 | Seedling derived Type I callus | MS | Agrobacterium-mediated | CP4 modified epsps; gfp; nptII | 2–11% | Vladimir et al. (2006) |
| 29 | A188 × B73 | Immature embryo | N6 | Biolistic transformation | hpt | NA | Walters et al. (1992) |
| 30 | Anther culture derived double haploid plants XH99 and FR16 | Type I callus | N6 and Duncan’s medium | Biolistic transformation | bar; uid | NA | Wan et al. (1995) |
| 31 | Inbred lines X333, X301, X90 and Hybrid lines A1:Q31xZ3, B1:Q31XZ31, 6X41; 616X680 | Immature embryo | N6 | Biolistic transformation | sb401; hpt | 0–7.3% | Wang et al. (2006) |
| 32 | CG00526 | Type I calli derived from immature embryo medium | D callus induction | Biolistic transformation | pmi | 45% | Wright et al. (2001) |
| 33 | Shen 137 | NA | NA | Pollen-tube pathway in planta transformation | gfp | 4.96% | Yang et al. (2009) |
| 34 | Hi-II | Embryogenic calli | NA | Biolistic transformation | uidA; bar | NA | Zhang et al. (1996) |
| 35 | Hi-II | Immature embryo | NA | Agrobacterium-mediated | gus | 32.8–50.5% | Zhao et al. (1998) |
| 36 | Sweet corn genotypes HNP, IGES | Shoot tips | CSPD | Biolistic transformation | bar; potato proteinase inhibitor II | NA | Zhong et al. (1996) |
NA, not available.