Fig. 2.

Risk of a MACE: a pooled analyses of patient-level data for specific DPP-4 inhibitors, b meta-analyses of trial-level data for specific DPP-4 inhibitors, and c meta-analyses of trial-level data for DPP-4 inhibitors as a drug class. MACEs were defined differently in each analysis (see Table 2). CI confidence interval, DPP-4 dipeptidyl peptidase-4, HR hazard ratio, OR odds ratio, RR risk ratio. ^aVildagliptin 50 mg once daily and twice daily. ^bAll included studies. The principal analysis excluded seven studies that did not report events. ^cUpper 95% CI not shown. ^dDPP-4 inhibitor monotherapy versus metformin monotherapy. ^eDPP-4 inhibitor plus metformin versus metformin monotherapy. ^fDPP-4 inhibitors versus sulfonylureas