Table 2.
Multivariable regression analyses results for high medication adherence (MMAS-4)
| Parameter | Indication | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| RA OR (95% CI) |
AS OR (95% CI) |
PsA OR (95% CI) |
PS OR (95% CI) |
CD OR (95% CI) |
UC OR (95% CI) |
|
| Age (in years)a | 1.040 (1.027, 1.054)b | 1.029 (1.008, 1.050)c | 1.066 (1.039, 1.095)b | 1.025 (1.013, 1.038)b | 1.059 (1.041, 1.077)b | 1.054 (1.031, 1.077)b |
| Female gender (versus male) | 1.819 (1.072, 3.088)d | |||||
| Caucasian race (versus non-Caucasian) | 1.890 (1.318, 2.711)c | 2.414 (1.383, 4.214)c | 1.894 (1.313, 2.732)c | 2.240 (1.038, 4.834)d | ||
| BIPQ consequencesa | 1.071 (0.973, 1.180) | |||||
| BIPQ timelinea | 1.081 (1.008, 1.160)d | |||||
| BIPQ treatment controla | 1.102 (1.018, 1.193)d | 1.129 (1.013, 1.259)d | ||||
| BIPQ identitya | 0.910 (0.844, 0.982)d | |||||
| BIPQ coherencea | 1.215 (1.061, 1.392)c | |||||
| BIPQ emotional representationa | 0.896 (0.813, 0.988)d | |||||
| BMQ-Specific Necessity a | 1.090 (1.038, 1.144)c | 1.150 (1.069, 1.237)c | 1.121 (1.037, 1.213)c | 1.064 (1.021, 1.108)c | 1.090 (1.028, 1.155)c | 1.148 (1.058, 1.245)c |
| BMQ-Specific Concerns a | 0.915 (0.873, 0.959)c | 0.932 (0.872, 0.995)d | 0.017934 (0.891, 0.979)c | 0.932 (0.864, 1.005) | ||
| BMQ-General Overuse a | 0.900 (0.839, 0.966)c | |||||
| BMQ-General Harm a | 0.913 (0.860, 0.969)c | 0.863 (0.786, 0.947)c | 0.928 (0.872, 0.987)d | |||
| Treatment duration (in years)a | 0.921 (0.865, 0.980)c | 0.934 (0.891, 0.978)c | ||||
| Disease duration (in years)a | 0.974 (0.955, 0.993)c | |||||
| Prior disease severitya | 0.830 (0.717, 0.960)d | 1.185 (0.968, 1.451) | ||||
| Living arrangement (versus living alone) | ||||||
| Living with others | 0.478 (0.264, 0.863)d | 0.769 (0.441, 1.340) | ||||
| Living with partner | 0.719 (0.448, 1.153) | 1.261 (0.835, 1.905) | ||||
| Number of pretreatments (>3 versus ≤3 treatments) | 0.402 (0.205, 0.786)c | |||||
| Risk of depression (PHQ-2 total score)a | 0.887 (0.811, 0.971)c | |||||
| Treatment response (complete versus non-complete) | 2.014 (1.140, 3.559)d | 0.508 (0.276, 0.934)d | ||||
| Treatment (versus conventional only) | ||||||
| TNFi mono | 2.693 (1.320, 5.496)c | 10.918 (4.885, 24.400)b | 1.194 (0.572, 2.494) | 2.343 (1.638, 3.351)b | 5.774 (3.208, 10.389)b | 14.448 (4.704, 44.378)b |
| TNFi in TNFi combo | 6.396 (4.094, 9.994)b | 9.293 (4.086, 21.133)b | 1.256 (0.602, 2.617) | 3.729 (1.980, 7.021)b | 10.845 (5.767, 20.395)b | 20.753 (7.870, 54.727)b |
| Conventional in TNFi combo | 2.021 (1.386, 2.947)c | 1.665 (0.796, 3.483) | 0.527 (0.257, 1.079) | 2.376 (1.293, 4.366)b | 1.440 (0.851, 2.438) | 2.992 (1.499, 5.971)c |
| Intercept | 0.329 (0.072, 1.501) | 0.009 (0.001, 0.054)b | 0.062 (0.008, 0.519)d | 0.152 (0.039, 0.583)c | 0.020 (0.003, 0.122)b | 0.002 (0.000, 0.035)b |
Empty cells denote that the variable was not selected for the corresponding indication. Adherence was defined as a binary variable with levels highly adherent (MMAS-4 score = 4) and not highly adherent (MMAS-4 score <4)
AS ankylosing spondylitis, BIPQ Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, BMQ Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire, CI confidence interval, Conv conventional, CD Crohn’s disease, mono monotherapy, MMAS-4 four-Item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale, OR odds ratio, PHQ-2 Patient Health Questionnaire-2, PS psoriasis, PsA psoriatic arthritis, RA rheumatoid arthritis, TNFi tumor necrosis factor inhibitor, TNFi combo TNFi combined with conventional therapy, UC ulcerative colitis
aOR results for the impact of 1-unit or 1-year increase are presented
b P < 0.0001
c P < 0.01
d P < 0.05