Table 3.

Univariable and multivariable associations of pain and patient characteristics with patient-reported general improvement in abdominal symptoms

Feature	Improvement symptoms	No improvement/impairment symptoms	Univariable		Multivariable
			Odds ratio (95 % CI)	p value	Odds ratio (95 % CI)	p value
Gender [n (%)]
Female	251 (77.4)	26 (81.3)	0.79 (0.32–2.00)	0.62	0.61 (0.22–1.70)	0.35
Male	73 (26.6)	6 (18.7)	1.00 (reference)
Age (years), mean (SD)	49.4(14.1)	53.3 (15.0)	0.98 (0.96–1.00)	0.14	0.98 (0.95–1.00)	0.13
Center [n (%)]
Academic	64 (19.8)	6 (18.7)	1.07 (0.42–2.70)	0.89	1.06 (0.40–2.81)	0.91
General	260 (80.2)	26 (81.3)	1.00 (reference)
Preoperative pain in last 2 weeks [n (%)]
Absence	38 (11.8)	10 (31.2)	0.29 (0.13–0.67)	0.003	0.17 (0.07–0.44)	<0.001
Presence	284 (88.2)	22 (68.8)	1.00 (reference)
ASA [n (%)]
I	155 (47.8)	12 (37.5)	1.00 (reference)
II	169 (52.2)	20 (62.5)	0.65 (0.31–1.38)	0.27
Duration of symptoms [n (%)]
≤1 year	212 (67.3)	25 (78.1)	0.58 (0.24–1.38)	0.22
>1 year	103 (32.7)	7 (21.9)	1.00 (reference)
Awaking at night [n (%)]
Yes	181 (57.3)	17 (53.1)	1.00 (reference)
No	135 (42.7)	15 (46.9)	0.85 (0.41–1.75)	0.65
Severity [n (%)]
≤50/100	22 (7.2)	1 (3.3)	0.43 (0.06–3.31)	0.71
>50/100	284 (92.8)	30 (96.7)	1.00 (reference)
Baseline GIQLI, mean (SD)	102.5 (21.2)	100.8 (25.0)	1.00 (0.99–1.02)	0.68
Type of pain [n (%)]
Episodic	180 (56.6)	19 (59.4)	0.89 (0.43–1.87)	0.76
Non-episodic	138 (43.4)	13 (40.6)	1.00 (reference)
Postoperative pain
Absence	199 (61.9)	10 (31.2)	3.53 (1.62–7.71)	0.002	4.90 (2.07–11.60)	<0.001
Presence	124 (38.1)	22 (68.8)	1.00 (reference)

SD standard deviation, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, GIQLI Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index