Table 4.

Univariable and multivariable associations of pain and patient characteristics with patient-reported result of surgery

Feature	Good result surgery	Bad result surgery	Univariable		Multivariable
			Odds ratio (95 % CI)	p value	Odds ratio (95 % CI)	p value
Gender [n (%)]
Female	249 (76.9)	29 (87.9)	0.46 (0.16–1.34)	0.16	0.76 (0.23–2.48)	0.65
Male	75 (23.1)	4 (12.1)	1.00 (reference)
Age (years), mean (SD)	49.8 (14.1)	50.0 (14.7)	1.00 (0.98–1.03)	0.99	1.00 (0.97–1.03)	0.93
Centre [n (%)]
Academic	61 (18.8)	9 (27.3)	0.62 (0.27–1.40)	0.25	0.47 (0.19–1.16)	0.10
General	263 (81.2)	24 (72.7)	1.00 (reference)
Preoperative pain in last 2 weeks [n (%)]
Absence	45 (13.9)	3 (12.1)	1.57 (0.46–5.35)	0.60	0.76 (0.20–2.95)	0.69
Presence	278 (86.1)	29 (87.9)	1.00 (reference)
ASA [n (%)]
I	154 (47.5)	13 (39.4)	1.00 (reference)
II	170 (52.5)	20 (60.6)	0.72 (0.35–1.49)	0.37
Duration of symptoms [n (%)]
≤1 year	214 (67.7)	24 (75.0)	0.70 (0.30–1.61)	0.40
>1 year	102 (32.3)	8 (25.0)	1.00 (reference)
Awaking at night [n (%)]
Yes	140 (44.2)	21 (65.6)	1.00 (reference)
No	177 (55.8)	11 (34.4)	1.51 (0.70–3.24)	0.29
Severity [n (%)]
≤50/100	22 (7.1)	2 (6.7)	1.00 (reference)
>50/100	286 (92.9)	28 (93.3)	0.93 (0.21–4.16)	1.00
Baseline GIQLI, mean (SD)	103.0 (21.4)	95.9 (22.2)	1.02 (1.00–1.03)	0.09
Type of pain [n (%)]
Episodic	186 (41.7)	13 (40.6)	2.04 (0.98–4.23)	0.06
Non-episodic	133 (58.3)	19 (59.4)	1.00 (reference)
Postoperative pain
Absence	206 (63.6)	4 (12.5)	12.2 (4.18–35.69)	<0.001	15.06 (4.36–52.01)	<0.001
Presence	118 (36.4)	28 (87.5)	1.00 (reference)

SD standard deviation, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, GIQLI Gastrointestinal Quality of Life Index