Table 4.
Association between eczema severity, sleep and ADHD in the National Survey of Children’s Health 2007/8
| Eczema | Nights of adequate sleep | History of ADD/ADHD
|
|||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No (n = 74 527) | Yes (n = 7252)
|
||||||
| Freq | Freq | % Prev (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | |||
| Model-1 | Model-2 | ||||||
| No | 4–7 | 46 299 | 5027 | 9·9 (9·7–10·2) | 1·00 (ref) | 1·00 (ref) | 1·00 (ref) |
| 0–3 | 4122 | 859 | 17·2 (16·2–18·3) | 2·31 (1·86–2·87) | 1·37 (1·24–1·52) | 1·83 (1·47–2·26) | |
| Mild–moderate | 4–7 | 5095 | 696 | 12·0 (11·2–12·9) | 1·61 (1·29–2·00) | 1·59 (1·25–2·03) | 1·56 (1·22–1·99) |
| 0–3 | 514 | 151 | 22·7 (19·5–25·9) | 3·31 (2·28–4·79) | 3·12 (2·02–4·83) | 2·90 (1·87–4·52) | |
| Severe | 4–7 | 274 | 86 | 23·9 (11·9–33·5) | 3·44 (2·00–5·93) | 3·01 (1·73–5·26) | 3·05 (1·62–5·74) |
| 0–3 | 41 | 35 | 46·1 (34·8–57·3) | 34·90 (15·01–82·24) | 25·52 (11·27–57·77) | 16·83 (7·02–40·33) | |
| Current use of medication for ADD/ADHD
|
|||||||
| No (n = 65 081) | Yes (n = 4982) | ||||||
|
|
|||||||
| Mild–moderate | 4–7 | 4654 | 496 | 11·3 (9·1–13·4) | 1·53 (1·21–1·94) | 1·48 (1·10–1·99) | 1·49 (1·25–2·11) |
| 0–3 | 483 | 103 | 16·2 (11·0–21·4) | 2·34 (1·58–3·46) | 1·47 (0·88–2·46) | 2·35 (1·40–3·95) | |
| Severe | 4–7 | 254 | 72 | 22·6 (13·7–31·5) | 3·53 (2·11–5·92) | 3·41 (1·82–6·40) | 3·93 (1·70–9·10) |
| 0–3 | 35 | 24 | 59·2 (30·4–88·0) | 17·49 (5·29–57·78) | 21·67 (5·26–89·34) | 12·42 (4·13–20·10) | |
Binary, survey-weighted logistic regression models were constructed with ever history of ADD/ADHD and current use of medications for ADD/ADHD as the binary dependent (outcome) variables and history or severity of eczema, average nights of adequate sleep per week in the past year and a statistical interaction term between them as the independent variables. Prevalence ORs and 95% CIs were determined. The interaction term between severe eczema and 0–3 nights of adequate sleep was significant (P < 0·0001). Two different multivariate models were constructed. Model-1 included age, sex, race/ethnicity, household income, highest level of parental education, insurance coverage, U.S. or foreign birthplace and lifetime history of asthma, hay fever and food allergy as categorical variables. Model-2 additionally included healthcare utilization as an independent variable. ADD/ADHD, attention deficit (hyperactivity) disorder; CI, confidence interval; freq, frequency; OR, odds ratio; prev, prevalence; bold indicates significance.