Table-I.

Gross Morphology within and between groups N=75 (n=25).

S. No	Groups	Characteristics
		Placental size1(cm)	Placental size2 (cm)	Placental width (cm)	Placental weight (gm)	Cord length (cm)	Cord width (cm)	Cord vessels (n)
1	Group A	16.32±2.34	14.00±1.91	2.12±0.58	567.6±138.9	41.98±7.88	1.34±0.45	3±0
2	Group B	15.06±2.41	12.88±2.92	2.84±0.62	590±147.9	42.96±7.4	1.84±0.34	3±0
3	Group C	15.88±2.58	13.92±2.72	2.20±0.5	626.4±122.6	45.54±7.37	1.68±0.45	3±0
P-value
1	Group B v/s A	0.06	0.12	0.00*	0.58	0.65	0.00*	NA
2	Group C v/s A	0.5	0.9	0.6	0.119	0.1	0.01*	NA
3	Group B v/s C	0.25	0.12	0.001*	0.34	0.22	0.16	NA

Key:Group A: Normal control group, Group B: GDM females on diet control, Group C: Metformin treated group,

^*Statistically significant, NA: Independent t test not applicable.