Table 6.
Factors associated with smokeless tobacco use, Borena zone, Oromia Regional State, Southern Ethiopia, 2015
| Characteristics of respondents | Current smokeless tobacco status | COR (95% CL) | Adjusted OR (95% CL) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non users (n = 347) | Users (n = 287) | ||||
| No (%) | No (%) | ||||
| Age category | <25 | 48 (13.8) | 33 (11.5) | 1 | |
| 25–30 | 55 (15.9) | 44 (15.3) | 1.16 (0.64,2.11) | ||
| 31–35 | 44 (12.7) | 31 (10.8) | 1.03 (0.54,1.94) | ||
| 36–40 | 63 (18.2) | 49 (17.0) | 1.13 (0.63,2.02) | ||
| 41–45 | 39 (11.2) | 23 (8.0) | .86 (0.44,1.69) | ||
| 46–50 | 33 (9.5) | 32 (10.3) | 1.41 (0.73,2.72) | ||
| >50 | 65 (18.7) | 75 (26.1) | 1.68 (0.97,2.92) | ||
| Sex | Male | 237 (68.3) | 177 (61.7) | 1 | |
| Female | 110 (31.7) | 110 (38.3) | 1.34 (0.96, 1.86) | ||
| Religion | Wakefata | 167 (48.1) | 232 (80.8) | 1 | 1 |
| Muslim | 129 (37.2) | 33 (11.5) | .84 (.12, .28)* | .21 (.13, .33) | |
| Christian | 51 (14.7) | 22 (7.7) | .31 (.18, .53)* | .38 (.22, .67) | |
| Ethnicity | Oromo | 346 (99.7) | 284 (99.0) | 1 | |
| Others*@ | 1 (0.3) | 3 (1.0) | 3.66 (.38, 35.31) | ||
| Educational status of mothers | Cannot read and write | 267 (76.9) | 235 (81.9) | 1 | |
| Read and write but no formal education | 66 (19.0) | 42 (14.6) | .72 (.47, 1.11) | ||
| At least primary | 14 (4.0) | 10 (3.5) | .81 (.35,1.86) | ||
| Current marital status | Single | 22 (6.3) | 19 (6.6) | .34 (.12, .98) | |
| Married | 307 (88.5) | 235 (81.9) | .30 (.12, 0.72) | ||
| Divorced | 11 (3.2) | 15 (5.2) | .53 (.17, 1.71) | ||
| Widowed | 7 (2.0) | 18 (6.3) | 1 | ||
| Occupation | Pastoralist | 269 (77.5) | 221 (77.0) | 1 | |
| Others**$ | 78 (22.5) | 66 (23.0) | 1.03 (.71, 1.50) | ||
| Income category | 0–150 | 155 (44.7) | 114 (39.7) | 1 | |
| 151–650 | 149 (42.9) | 142 (49.5) | 0.91 (0.15, 5.51) | ||
| 651–1400 | 40 (11.5) | 29 (10.1) | 0.70 (0.12, 4.23) | ||
| 1401–2350 | 3 (0.9) | 2 (0.7) | 0.92 (0.14, 5.86) | ||
| Attitude towards smokeless tobacco use | Unfavorable | 246 (70.9) | 140 (48.8) | 1 | 1 |
| Favorable | 101 (29.1) | 147 (51.2) | 2.56 (1.84, 3.55)* | 2.12 (1.48, 3.04) | |
| Knowledge about SLT health effect | Insufficient knowledge | 212 (61.1) | 170 (59.2) | 1 | |
| Sufficient knowledge | 135 (38.9) | 117 (40.8) | 1.08 (.79, 1.49)* | ||
| Health risk perception | Poor perception | 188 (54.2) | 184 (64.1) | 1 | 1 |
| Good perception | 159 (45.8) | 103 (35.9) | .66 (.48, .91)* | .49 (.34, .70) | |
| Social norm | Low social pressure | 228 (65.7) | 125 (43.6) | 1 | 1 |
| High social pressure | 119 (34.3) | 162 (56.4) | 2.48 (1.80, 3.43)* | 1.73 (1.21, 2.47) | |
*statistically significant at p < 0.05
@Amhara, konso
$Agro pastoralist, merchants