Fig. 2.

FEV₁ AUC_0–12 on Day 7 efficacy endpoint. a LSM change (95% CI) in FEV₁ over 0–12 h on Day 7 by treatment; b LSM (95% CI) FEV₁ AUC_0–12 difference from placebo on Day 7 by treatment (mITT population). ^aForadil^® Aerolizer^{® . b}LSM allows for any imbalances in baseline covariates that relate to responses to be adjusted for in order to avoid bias in treatment effect estimates. AUC_0–12, area under the curve from 0 to 12 h post-dose; DPI, dry powder inhaler; FEV₁, forced expiratory volume in 1 s; FF, formoterol fumarate; GFF, glycopyrrolate/formoterol fumarate; GP, glycopyrrolate; LSM, least squares mean; MDI, metered dose inhaler; mITT, modified intent-to-treat