Table 1.
Demographic, Life Style, and Psychological Characteristics of Study Participants
| Characteristics | CUD (n = 723) | Control (n = 4040) | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic characteristics | |||
| Age (yr) | 36.17 ± 0.32 | 36.65 ± 0.14 | 0.174 |
| Females | 457 (63.2) | 2200 (54.5) | < 0.001 |
| Marital status | 0.748 | ||
| Married | 578 (81.6) | 3198 (81.1) | |
| Single | 130 (18.4) | 744 (18.9) | |
| Educational Level | < 0.001 | ||
| Under Diploma (< 12 yr) | 132 (18.8) | 506 (12.9) | |
| Diploma (12 years) | 233 (33.1) | 1115 (28.3) | |
| University Graduate (> 12 yr) | 338 (48.1) | 2312 (58.8) | |
| Life style | |||
| BMI | 24.61 ± 0.18 | 25.04 ± 0.06 | 0.022 |
| Physical activity | < 0.001 | ||
| Inactive and moderately inactive | 496 (72.4) | 2359 (63.9) | |
| Moderately active and active | 189 (27.6) | 1333 (36.1) | |
| Psychological characteristics | |||
| Psychological distress | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 404 (57.1) | 3157 (80.5) | |
| Yes | 304 (42.9) | 763 (19.5) | |
| Anxiety | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 458 (64.5) | 3545 (89.8) | |
| Borderline | 128 (18.0) | 257 (6.5) | |
| Yes | 124 (17.5) | 145 (3.7) | |
| Depression | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 327 (46.0) | 2988 (75.8) | |
| Borderline | 202 (28.4) | 653 (16.6) | |
| Yes | 182 (25.6) | 301 (7.6) | |
| Intensity of perceived stress | < 0.001 | ||
| No at risk | 110 (15.2) | 1315 (32.5) | |
| At risk | 613 (84.8) | 2725 (67.5) | |
| Personality traits | |||
| Neuroticism score | 22.69 ± 0.29 | 18.02 ± 0.12 | < 0.001 |
| Extraversion score | 26.68 ± 0.26 | 29.45 ± 0.11 | < 0.001 |
| Openness score | 23.69 ± 0.20 | 24.11 ± 0.08 | 0.047 |
| Agreeableness score | 29.50 ± 0.24 | 31.33 ± 0.10 | < 0.001 |
| Conscientiousness score | 34.69 ± 0.27 | 36.55 ± 0.11 | < 0.001 |
| The chronic and acute diseasesb | < 0.001 | ||
| No | 532 (73.6) | 3453 (85.5) | |
| Yes | 191 (26.4) | 587 (14.5) | |
a
P-values from independent samples t test for continuous data and from Pearson χ2 for categorical data.
b
Experiencing at least one of the chronic and acute diseases including high blood cholesterol and triglycerides (lipid disorder), high blood pressure (hypertension), diabetes mellitus, asthma, gallstones, Crohn’s disease, stroke, heart attack, heart failure, and cancer.
CUD, chronic uninvestigated dyspepsia; BMI, body mass index.
Values are mean ± SE and others are number (%).