FIG. 1.

PhIP/DSS treatment procedures and the effects on hCYP1A mice. A, hCYP1A mice were treated with PhIP and DSS, and sacrificed at day 1 (D1), D3, D7, D11, D14, and D21 as well as week 10 (W10) after DSS cessation. B, Mice body weight changes after PhIP administrations (approximately 5% reduction), DSS treatment (approximately 10% reduction), and throughout the early time-points. Data presented in mean ± SEM (n = 4). C, Representative colons from vehicle- and PhIP/DSS-treated mice show dramatic shortening at the early time-points and the presence of colonic tumors (arrow) at D21. D, Significant reductions in colon length were found in PhIP/DSS-treated mice as compared with vehicle-treated control mice (VC). Box-and-whisker plot presented in mean with max/min (n = 4). Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA-Dunnett (***P < .001, **P < 0.01, *P < .05).