FIG. 4.

Mn-dependent increase in mitochondrial oxidant levels measured by Mitotracker Red CM-H₂XRos. (A) Right panels show mitochondrial oxidant (red) levels visualized by fluorescence microscopy using mitotracker red CM-H₂XRos, with Hoechst (blue) staining for nuclei and Phallacidin (green) staining for F-actin. The left panels show the relative intensities for the mitotracker fluorescence alone. (B) Mean fluorescence intensity of each group was determined and plotted as relative % increase compared with control group (0 μM Mn treatment). The data are shown as mean ± SE (n ≥ 5). *P < .05 versus control group.