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. 2016 Apr 18;7(29):46768–46784. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.8776

Figure 2. Effect of melatonin on the prevention of lung carcinogenesis.

Figure 2

Melatonin inhibits urethane-induced lung carcinogenesis in mice. Moreover, melatonin attenuates cigarette smoke-induced lung tissue damage, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Melatonin may reduce the incidence of lung cancer and lung diseases (such as COPD, a key risk factor for lung cancer). TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-α; IL-1β, interleukin-1β; MPO, myeloperoxidase; MMP-9, matrix metalloproteinase-9; GSH, glutathione; SOD, superoxide dismutase; ROS, reactive oxygen species; LPO, lipid peroxidation; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases.