Table 1.

Model Specifications for the Alternative Models of Psychosis

	Unitary Factor	First-Order, Second-Order,a and Bifactorb Models
		2-Factor	3-Factor	4-Factor	5-Factor
Delusions	PSY	POS	POS	POS	POS
Hallucinations	PSY	POS	POS	POS	POS
Grandiosity	PSY	POS	POS	POS	POS
Suspiciousness	PSY	POS	POS	POS	POS
Unusual thought content	PSY	POS	POS	POS	POS
Blunted affect	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	NEG
Emotional withdrawal	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	NEG
Poor rapport	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	NEG
Passive social withdrawal	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	NEG
Motor retardation	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	NEG
Disturbance of volition	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	NEG
Active social withdrawal	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	NEG
Tension/anxiety	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	DEPR
Guilt	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	DEPR
Depression	PSY	NEG	NEG	NEG	DEPR
Excitement	PSY	POS	MAN	MAN	MAN
Hostility	PSY	POS	MAN	MAN	MAN
Uncooperativeness	PSY	POS	MAN	MAN	MAN
Impulsivity	PSY	POS	MAN	MAN	MAN
Conceptual disorganization	PSY	NEG	NEG	DIS	DIS
Mannerisms and posturing	PSY	NEG	NEG	DIS	DIS
Conceptual disorganization (2)	PSY	NEG	NEG	DIS	DIS

Note: POS, Positive; NEG, Negative; MAN, Mania; DIS, Disorganization; DEPR, Depression.

^aFor second-order models, specific factors were explained by a higher order psychosis factor.

^bFor bifactor models, each item also had a nonzero loading on a general psychosis factor (PSY) that was uncorrelated with specific factors.