Figure 6. HNG increases AKT and ERK phosphorylation in the hippocampus of old mice.

(A) Western blot analysis for phospho- and total-AKT, ERK, and STAT3 in hippocampus of 12-week-old mice and 18-month-old mice. Quantitation of (B) normalized ERK activation and (C) normalized AKT activation in response to HNG. Total protein was used to normalize protein loading. Data are reported as mean ± SEM (n = 8 for 12-week-old mice, n = 5 for 18-month-old mice). *p < 0.05, ns, not significant.