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. 2016 Jun 25;7(30):47875–47890. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.10293

Figure 1. Ribosomal protein-MDM2-p53 interactions.

Figure 1

Under steady state conditions, ribosome biogenesis occurs within the nucleolus and ribosome subunits are subsequently exported to the cytoplasm to facilitate formation of mature ribosomes and initiation of mRNA translation. MDM2 can mediate attachment of ubiquitin (Ub) molecules to p53, inducing p53 degradation and permitting normal cell proliferation. In contrast, ribosomal stress can impair ribosome biogenesis and disrupt ribosome assembly. This causes a release of free ribosomal proteins (RP), which interact with MDM2 and block its interaction with p53, resulting in p53 accumulation. Subsequently, activated p53 may cause cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, deregulated DNA repair or senescence.