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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Jan 6.
Published in final edited form as: Am J Phys Anthropol. 2002;Suppl 35:131–158. doi: 10.1002/ajpa.10182

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Epigenetic landscape of Waddington (1957). Topography of landscape represents genetic predetermination to follow particular developmental pathways. Ball rolling down landscape represents a particular developmental process playing out within an individual. Such pathways are represented by valleys that lead to discrete developmental endpoints. Steepness of sides of valleys represents degree of buffering against perturbations affecting developmental process. Modified from Waddington (1957).