Table 2.
Comparison of symptomatology in five patients with MS
| No. 1 | No. 2 | No. 3 | No. 4 | No. 5 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Baseline demographics | |||||
| Age (yrs) | 3 | 7 | 15 | 18 | 19 |
| Sex (M: Male, F: Female) | M | F | F | F | F |
| Height (cm) | 103 | 137 | 166.5 | 167 | 160 |
| Weight (kg) | 16.5 | 30.3 | 47.5 | 60 | 46 |
| Mental and developmental | |||||
| Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) | |||||
| Overall Stress (0–13) | 8 | 2 | 3 | 14 | 13 |
| Emotional distress (0–2) | 1 | 0 | 1 | 6 | 4 |
| Behavioural difficulties (0–3) | 2 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 2 |
| Hyperactivity and concentration difficulties (0–5) | 4 | 0 | 1 | 4 | 5 |
| Difficulties getting along with other children (0–2) | 1 | 2 | 0 | 4 | 2 |
| Kind and helpful behavior (7–10) | 8 | 10 | 7 | 7 | 9 |
| Impact of any difficulties on the child’s life (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 | 1 |
| Diagnostic predictions LR: Low Risk, MR: Medium Risk | |||||
| Any disorder | LR | LR | LR | MR | LR |
| Emotional disorder (anxiety, depression etc.) | LR | LR | LR | MR | LR |
| Behavioural disorder | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR |
| Hyperactivity or concentration disorder | LR | LR | LR | LR | LR |
| Obstetrics | |||||
| Conception (S:Spontaneous) | S | S | S | S | S |
| Mothers parity (0:nullipara, 1:multipara) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 0 |
| Mothers uterus | normal | normal | normal | bicornuate | unicornuate |
| Gestational age (weeks) | 41 | 40 | 35 | 39 | 36 |
| Birth weight (grams) | 3240 | 3600 | 1950 | 3500 | 2135 |
| Fetal presentation (C:cephalic, B: breach) | C | C | C | C | B |
| Delivery mode (V: vaginal, CS: caesarean section) | V | V | V | V | CS |
| Apgar Score (1 & 5 min) | 5/10 | 10/10 | 10/10 | 10/10 | 6/7 |
| Breastfeeding Established | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Ophthalmology | |||||
| Abducens paralysis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Facial paralysis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Previous strabismus surgery | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Lacrimation abnormality | No | No | No | Yes | Yes |
| Odontology | |||||
| DMFS a | 0 | 0 | 3 | 1 | 2 |
| Enamel hypomineralisation b | No | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| HOB, Horizontal overbite (ref. value 3.3 (1.1) mm) | 6 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 1 |
| VOB, Vertical overbite (ref. value 2.7 (1.2) mm) | 1 | 5 | 4 | −4 | 1 |
| Gingivitis, (range 0–12 index teeth) | 4 | 0 | 2 | 5 | 1 |
| Tongue asymmetry | No | Yes | Yes | No | Yes |
| NOT-S (range 0–12) | 1 | 1 | 3 | 6 | 8 |
| MOC (ref. mean (range): 45 (25–70) mm) c | n.a. | 45 | 44 | 53 | 39 |
| Smile surgery d | No | Yes | No | Yes | No |
| Craniofaciale | |||||
| Sagittal intermax. relationsship (ss-n-pg) | n.a. | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Maxillary prognathism (s-n-ss) | n.a. | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Incisor inclination, superior | n.a. | - | - | ↑ | - |
| Alveolar prognathism, superior | n.a. | - | - | - | - |
| Mandibular prognathism Pg (s-n-pg) | n.a. | - | - | - | - |
| Incisor inclination, inferior | n.a. | - | - | - | - |
| Alveolar prognathism, inferior | n.a. | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Vertical intermax. relationship (NL/ML) | n.a. | - | - | ↑ | ↑ |
| Maxillary inclination (NSL/NL) | n.a. | - | - | ↓ | - |
| Occlusal plane, superior (OLs/NL) | n.a. | ↑ | - | ↓ | ↑ |
| Mandibular inclination (NSL/ML) | n.a. | - | - | - | ↑ |
| Occlusal plane, inferior (OLi/ML) | n.a. | - | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
| Orthopaedics | |||||
| Poland syndrome | No | No | No | No | No |
| Scoliosis | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Syndactyly | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Adactyly | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| Camptodactyly | Yes | Yes | Yes | No | No |
| Bracydactyly | Yes | No | Yes | No | No |
| CTEV (Club feet) | No | No | No | Yes | No |
| Pes calcaneovalgus | No | No | Yes | Yes | No |
| Macrodactyly | No | Yes | Yes | Yes | No |
| Curly toes | Yes | No | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| Pedobarography | |||||
| Foot length (cm), R/L | n.a. | 18.9/19.3 | 21.4/21.6 | 21/21 | 22.2/22.0 |
| Balance eyes-open Distance of Center of Force (cm) | n.a. | 92.8 | 90.4 | 81.5 | 123.7 |
| Total foot force (kg), R/L | n.a. | 29.9/23.57 | n.a./78.8 | 100.7/83.2 | 56.1/ n.a. |
| Total foot contact area (cm2) R/L | n.a. | 52.39/67.1 | n.a./81.2 | 88.3/81.6 | 84.4/ n.a. |
| Total foot peak contact pressure (mmHg), R/L | n.a. | 2493/2775 | n.a./8586 | 8080/9470 | 4331/ n.a. |
| Region of peak contact pressure, R/L f | n.a. | MH/M3 | n.a./ M3 | MH/MH | M5/ n.a. |
n.a Not applicable
anumber of dental surfaces with decay or filling because of caries. bpresence of one or more molars with enamel-hypomineralisation. cmaximal opening capacity: interincisal distance on unassisted mouth opening + VOB. dprevious transplantation of a muscle grafted from the thigh to the corners of the mouth to improve facial expression [22, 23, 26]. eCraniofacial values compared to mean values and standard-deviation (SD) in 51 untreated healthy females with normal teeth and occlusion. Arrows indicate deviations from reference-value > 1 SD. fMH: Medial Heel Region, M3: Third Metatarsal Region, M5: Fifth Metatarsal Region