Table 1.
Demographic and perioperative clinical data
| Control group (n = 35) | Bicarbonate group (n = 35) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | |||
| Age (years) | 55.1 ± 15.7 | 53.9 ± 14.1 | 0.738 |
| Sex (male:female) | 27:8 | 21:14 | 0.122 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | 21.6 ± 3.6 | 22.0 ± 3.3 | 0.613 |
| Cormobidities | |||
| Hypertension | 10 | 10 | >0.999 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 6 | 4 | 0.495 |
| Congestive heart failure | 1 | 0 | 0.314 |
| Chronic kidney disease (SCr >1.4 mg/dl) | 7 | 8 | 0.771 |
| MI within 1 month | 0 | 0 | |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 5 | 3 | 0.452 |
| COPD | 0 | 0 | |
| Repeat surgery | 4 | 6 | 0.495 |
| Preoperative condition | |||
| Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 63.9 ± 8.5 | 65.9 ± 7.4 | 0.312 |
| EuroSCORE | 4 (2, 9) | 5 (3, 8) | 0.449 |
| Cleveland Clinic scorea | 2 (1, 3) | 2 (1, 2) | 0.360 |
| Vancomycin or aminoglycoside | 27 | 29 | 0.550 |
| Contrast use 48 h prior to surgery | 19 | 14 | 0.231 |
| Hemoglobin below 10 g/dl | 14 | 8 | 0.122 |
| Platelets below 100,000/μl /150,000/μl | 3/ 11 | 1/ 3 | 0.303/0.017 |
| Embolic events | 8 | 13 | 0.192 |
| Prosthetic valve infection | 4 | 6 | 0.495 |
| Active infectionb/emergencyc | 27/ 4 | 29/ 4 | 0.555/>0.999 |
| Medications | |||
| ACEi/ARB | 8 | 8 | >0.999 |
| β-blockers | 7 | 8 | 0.771 |
| Calcium channel blockers | 3 | 4 | 0.690 |
| Diuretics | 12 | 14 | 0.621 |
| Antiplatelet drugs | 5 | 0 | 0.020 |
| Operation | |||
| Aortic valve replacement | 11 | 7 | 0.274 |
| Mitral valve replacement | 17 | 19 | 0.632 |
| Double valve operation | 4 | 2 | 0.393 |
| Tricuspid annuloplasty | 2 | 3 | 0.643 |
| Valve + aorta | 1 | 4 | 0.164 |
Values are mean ± standard deviation, number of patients, or median (interquartile range). SCr serum creatinine, MI myocardial infarction, COPD chronic obstructive lung disease, ACEi angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, ARB angiotensin receptor blockers, CABG coronary artery bypass graft; aCleveland Clinic Foundation Acute Renal Failure Scoring System (minimum score = 0; maximum score = 17); bactive infection, patients exhibiting an active infection with a positive blood culture, leukocytosis (>10,800/μl), fever (>38 °C), or C-reactive protein >8 mg/l; cemergency, patients undergoing emergency operation within 24 h after being diagnosed with infective endocarditis