Table 5.

Multigroup Bifactor SEM for Examining Gender Difference in Structural Parameters

	Model fit indices				Standardized estimate (SE)			Wald test χ2 (df)
	χ2 (df)	RMSEA	CFI		General	BPD	AAB
Age of onset: Alcohol	320.96 (232)***	.023	.987	Female	−.18a (.07)	−.16 (.08)	−.17a (.07)	2.55 (3)
				Male	−.12a (.04)	−.16a (.07)	−.33a (.06)
Age of onset: Drugs	329.06 (232)***	.024	.986	Female	−.31a (.06)	−.02 (.09)	−.22a (.08)	7.17 (3)
				Male	−.13a (.05)	−.17a (.07)	−.35a (.06)
Total time spent in jail	324.43 (232)***	.024	.987	Female	.10 (.06)	−.02 (.08)	.20a (.07)	7.59 (3)
				Male	−.03 (.05)	.08 (.07)	.47a (.06)
Lifetime Major Depressive Disorder	312.92 (232)***	.022	.989	Female	.41a (.07)	.52a (.09)	.10 (.09)	1.92 (3)
				Male	.37a (.06)	.66a (.08)	.08 (.07)
Lifetime Anxiety Disorder	319.14 (232)***	.023	.988	Female	.37a (.08)	.41a (.10)	.02 (.10)	.38 (3)
				Male	.35a (.07)	.39a (.09)	−.04 (.09)
Lifetime Alcohol Dependence	337.08 (236)***	.025	.985	Female	.43a (.06)			1.05 (1)
				Male	.34a (.05)
Lifetime Cannabis Dependence	318.22 (236)***	.022	.988	Female	.28a (.08)			.77 (1)
				Male	.20a (.05)
Lifetime Hallucinogens Dependence	337.49 (236)***	.025	.985	Female	.19a (.08)			1.31 (1)
				Male	.30a (.06)
Lifetime Heroin/Opiates Dependence	355.99 (236)***	.027	.983	Female	.03 (.07)			3.87 (1)
				Male	.21a (.05)
Lifetime Crack/Cocaine Dependence	344.47 (236)***	.026	.984	Female	.32a (.07)			.28 (1)
				Male	.28a (.05)
Lifetime history of psychiatric treatment	311.85 (232)***	.022	.989	Female	.31a (.07)	.58a (.09)	.23a (.09)	8.97 (3)
				Male	.12 (.06)	.54a (.09)	.06 (.07)
Lifetime history of drug and alcohol treatment	328.92 (232)***	.024	.986	Female	.04 (.08)	.30a (.10)	.34a (.10)	3.19 (3)
				Male	.09 (.06)	.08 (.10)	.17a (.08)

Note: General = general factor; BPD = BPD group specific factor; AAB = AAB group specific factor;

^***p < .001

^**p < .01.

^aDenotes standardized estimates falling within the 95% CI.