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. 2015 Oct 12;6:91–98. doi: 10.2147/LCTT.S60427

Figure 2.

Figure 2

Oncogenic mutations for the upregulation of EREG expression.

Notes: Oncogenic mutations in the EGFR, KRAS, or BRAF genes result in activation of the MEK/ERK signaling pathway, which in turn upregulates EREG expression. Overproduced EREG can stimulate the EGFR/ErbB receptors to activate multiple downstream signaling pathways, including the PI3K/AKT pathway through an autocrine loop mechanism.

Abbreviations: EREG, epiregulin; MEK, mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase; ERK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase; PI3K, Phosphoinositide 3-kinase; AKT, AKT8 virus oncogene cellular homolog.