Table 1.

Patients characters with CBD stones treated by LCBDE and primary closure after LCBDE

	LCBDE, n = 257	LCBDE + primary closure, n = 141
Male/Female	122/135	72/69
Age (years), mean ± SD	59.2 ± 15.3	58.9 ± 15.2
ASA score (I/II/III/IV)	41/143/55/18	22/79/32/8
Diameter of CBD (cm), mean ± SD	1.2 ± 0.3	1.1 ± 0.3
No. of stones, mean ± SD^a	1.7 ± 1.3	1.7 ± 1.2
Length of choledochotomy (cm)	1.2 ± 0.6	1.3 ± 1.2
Primary closure/T-tube drainage	141/116	—
Postoperative bile leakage	20 (7.8%)	16 (11.3%)
Postoperative hemorrhage	8 (3.1%)	5 (3.5%)
Residual stones	10 (3.9%)	2 (1.4%)
Stone recurrence^b	2 (0.8%)	2 (1.4%)
Bile duct stricture^b	0	0
Duration of drainage placement (days)	4.0 ± 2.0	3.8 ± 2.0
Death	0	0

ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists

^aaccording to the MRCP or CT finding, data available in 176 patients in LCBDE and 96 patients in primary closure group, respectively

^bThe median follow-up time was 34 (range 1–76) months