Table 2.
Microbiological findings in REF, ABROAD and ICU
| REF | ABROAD | ICU | |
|---|---|---|---|
| number of patients | 117 | 84 | 495 |
| patients positive for at least one MDRGN (n;%; 95% CI) | 61; 52.1; 42.7-61.5 | 35; 41.6; 31.0-52.9 | 39; 7.9; 5.6-10.6 |
| subgroup surgery | |||
| general / vascular | 4; 66.7; 22.2-96.6 | 1; 25; 0.6-80.6 | 22; 14.4; 9.2-20.9 |
| thoracic | - | 1; 50; 12.6-98.7 | 14; 5.1; 2.8-8.5 |
| traumatology | 3; 42.9; 9.9-81.6 | 2; 33.3; 4.3-77.7 | 3; 4.3; 0.9-12.2 |
| patients positive for at least one MDRGN with CR (n;%; 95%CI) | 1; 0.9; 0.0-4.7 | 13; 15.5; 8.5-25.0 | 0; 0; 0.0-0.7 |
| total number of MDRGN | 66 | 48 | 40 |
| total number of MDRGN with CR | 1 | 19 | - |
| Escherichia coli | |||
| ESBL (n;%; 95CI) | 24; 20.5; 13.6-28.9 | 5; 5.9; 1.9-13.3 | 14; 2.8; 1.5-4.7 |
| ESBL/FQ (n;%;95CI) | 34; 29.1; 21.0-38.2 | 17; 20.2; 12.3-30.4 | 19; 3.8; 2.3-5.9 |
| ESBL/FQ + CR (n;%;95CI) | 1; 0.9; 0.0-4.7 | 2; 2.4; 0.3-8.3 | - |
| carbapenemases (n) | none detected (1) | OXA-181 + NDM-5 (1) none detected (1) |
- |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | |||
| ESBL (n;%;95CI) | 3; 2.6; 0.5-7.3 | - | 1; 0.2; 0.0-1.1 |
| ESBL/FQ (n;%;95CI) | 4; 3.4; 0.9-8.5 | 5; 5.9; 1.9-13.3 | 2; 0.4; 0.0-1.5 |
| ESBL/FQ + CR (n;%;95CI) | - | 7; 8.3; 3.4-16.4 | - |
| carbapenemases (n) | - | OXA-48 (2) OXA-181 (1) KPC-3 (1) KPC-9 (1) NDM-1 (1) none detected (1) |
- |
| other Enterobacteriaceae | |||
| Ceph/FQ (n;%;95CI) | - | 2 a; 2.4; 0.3-8.3 | 4 b; 0.8; 0.2-2.1 |
| Ceph/FQ + CR (n;%;95CI) | - | 1 c; 1.2; 0.0-6.5 | - |
| carbapenemase (n) | - | none detected (1) | - |
| Acinetobacter baumannii | |||
| Ceph/FQ (n;%;95CI) Ceph/FQ + CR (n;%;95CI) |
- | - | - |
| - | 8; 9.5; 4.2-17.9 | - | |
| carbapenemase (n) d | - | OXA-23 (4) OXA-24 (1) OXA-58 (1) NDM-1 + OXA-23 (1) OXA-23 + OXA-24 (1) |
- |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | |||
| Pip/Ceph/FQ + CR (n;%;95CI) | - | 1; 1.2; 0.0-6.5 | - |
| carbapenemase (n) | - | none detected (1) | - |
| patients positive for MRSA (n;%; 95% CI) | 12; 10.3; 5.4-17.2 | 4; 4.8; 1.3-11.7 | 7; 1.4; 0.6-2.9 |
| spa types (n) | t304 (2) t4892 (2) |
||
| t044 (1) t131 (1) t311 (1) t325 (1) t386 (1) |
t003 (1) t217 (1) t325 (1) t608 (1) |
t020 (2) t003 (1) t223 (1) t309 (1) t668 (1) t3758 (1) |
|
| t688 (1) t790 (1) t3422 (1) |
|||
Abbreviations: CR carbapenem resistance, ESBL extended spectrum beta-lactamase, ESBL/FQ ESBL and additional resistance to fluoroquinolones, Ceph/FQ resistance to cephalosporins and additionally to fluoroquinolones, Pip/Ceph/FQ + CR resistance to Piperacillin and additionally Ceph/FQ + CR, MRSA methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
(a) = Morganella morganii, Proteus mirabilis (n = 1 each); (b) = Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Morganella morganii (n = 1 each); (c) = Proteus mirabilis; (d) = other than species-specific OXA-51