Table 3. Biochemical analyses for patients with dry eye symptoms who received royal jelly (RJ) or placebo (PB) tablets.

	Treatment	Baseline	8 weeks	p-values
				Baseline vs. 8 wks	PB vs. RJ
					Baseline	8 wks
Total protein	PB	7.34 ± 0.40	7.25 ± 0.42	0.43	0.66	1.00
	RJ	7.39 ± 0.34	7.25 ± 0.42	0.05
GOT	PB	18.06 ± 4.10	19.18 ± 6.82	0.38	0.40	0.49
	RJ	21.53 ± 16.86	21.8 ± 14.99	0.73
GPT	PB	16.12 ± 7.11	17.67 ± 9.26	0.21	0.25	0.28
	RJ	27.68 ± 41.50	27.2 ± 36.02	0.78
LDH	PB	182.59 ± 23.07	190.59 ± 56.39	0.55	0.77	0.36
	RJ	179.63 ± 34.60	176.16 ± 30.20	0.17
ALP	PB	182.35 ± 59.07	175.24 ± 55.79	0.52	0.44	0.20
	RJ	196.32 ± 47.49	199.74 ± 55.72	0.44
γ-GTP	PB	21.35 ± 8.87	21.29 ± 10.12	0.94	0.65	0.75
	RJ	23.74 ± 20.85	22.90 ± 18.81	0.31
UN	PB	12.59 ± 2.80	11.26 ± 2.70	0.005	0.50	0.38
	RJ	12.05 ± 1.94	12.13 ± 3.13	0.92
Creatine	PB	0.77 ± 0.18	0.72 ± 0.18	-*0.004	0.86	0.87
	RJ	0.78 ± 0.13	0.73 ± 0.10	0.003
Uric acid	PB	5.15 ± 1.25	5.28 ± 1.39	0.40	0.24	0.36
	RJ	5.68 ± 1.39	5.71 ± 1.36	0.86
Total cholesterol	PB	200.29 ± 32.96	199.47± 36.39	0.89	0.32	0.18
	RJ	187.80 ± 40.18	182.90 ± 36.90	0.20
LDL-C	PB	116.65 ± 33.23	115.41 ± 31.07	0.83	0.69	0.47
	RJ	111.95 ± 37.36	107.53 ± 33.72	0.15
HDL-C	PB	66.82 ± 19.50	64.82 ± 19.50	0.42	0.15	0.17
	RJ	59.42 ± 9.97	57.16 ± 13.22	0.15
Triglyceride	PB	104.90 ± 43.61	101.53 ± 55.80	0.76	0.69	0.74
	RJ	98.63 ± 48.76	119.68 ± 87.13	0.53
Glucose	PB	82.59 ± 8.70	88.00 ± 1402	0.24	0.24	0.43
	RJ	87.32 ± 14.62	91.90 ± 14.91	0.31
HbA1c	PB	5.15 ± 0.17	5.17 ± 0.19	0.33	0.02	0.02
	RJ	5.33 ± 0.25	5.34 ± 0.23	0.73

AST, aspartate aminotransferase; ALT, alanine transaminase; LDH, lactate dehydrogenase; ALP, alkaline phosphatase; γ-GTP, gamma-glutamyl transferase; UN, urea nitrogen; Chol, cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HbA1c; hemoglobin A1c

All data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation.