Table 1. Sociodemographic factors and coexisting medical conditions in people with and without COPD.
| No COPD N = 7672 |
COPDne N = 3836 |
COPDe N = 1918 |
P valuea | P valueb | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sex | n | (%) | n | (%) | n | (%) | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
| Female | 2800 | (36.5) | 1400 | (36.5) | 700 | (36.5) | ||
| Male | 4872 | (63.5) | 2436 | (63.5) | 1218 | (63.5) | ||
| Age, years | 1.0000 | 1.0000 | ||||||
| 40–49 | 1712 | (22.3) | 856 | (22.3) | 428 | (22.3) | ||
| 50–59 | 2664 | (34.7) | 1332 | (34.7) | 666 | (34.7) | ||
| 60–69 | 2240 | (29.2) | 1120 | (29.2) | 560 | (29.2) | ||
| ≥70 | 1056 | (13.8) | 528 | (13.8) | 264 | (13.8) | ||
| Low income | 128 | (1.7) | 115 | (3.0) | 116 | (6.1) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Medical conditions | ||||||||
| Hypertension | 3133 | (40.8) | 1969 | (51.3) | 990 | (51.6) | <0.0001 | 0.8374 |
| Mental disorder | 2120 | (27.6) | 1747 | (45.5) | 922 | (48.1) | <0.0001 | 0.0698 |
| Diabetes | 1585 | (20.7) | 907 | (23.6) | 511 | (26.6) | <0.0001 | 0.0129 |
| Liver cirrhosis | 921 | (12.0) | 801 | (20.9) | 346 | (18.0) | <0.0001 | 0.0110 |
| Hyperlipidemia | 1061 | (13.8) | 746 | (19.5) | 274 | (14.3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Congestive heart failure | 252 | (3.3) | 278 | (7.3) | 282 | (14.7) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Traumatic brain injury | 410 | (5.3) | 299 | (7.8) | 241 | (12.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Anemia | 417 | (5.4) | 322 | (8.4) | 145 | (7.6) | <0.0001 | 0.2747 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 95 | (1.2) | 106 | (2.8) | 81 | (4.2) | <0.0001 | 0.0032 |
| PVD | 166 | (2.2) | 161 | (4.2) | 58 | (3.0) | <0.0001 | 0.0284 |
| Renal dialysis | 123 | (1.6) | 69 | (1.8) | 39 | (2.0) | 0.3920 | 0.5364 |
| Epilepsy | 59 | (0.8) | 50 | (1.3) | 33 | (1.7) | 0.0003 | 0.2110 |
| Obesity | 32 | (0.4) | 23 | (0.6) | 14 | (0.7) | 0.0003 | 0.5598 |
| Smoking cessation | 7 | (0.1) | 8 | (0.2) | 7 | (0.4) | 0.0215 | 0.2727 |
| Number of medical conditions | <0.0001 | 0.0074 | ||||||
| 0 | 2310 | (30.1) | 618 | (16.1) | 287 | (15.0) | ||
| 1 | 2326 | (30.3) | 994 | (25.9) | 494 | (25.8) | ||
| 2 | 1637 | (21.3) | 931 | (24.3) | 425 | (22.2) | ||
| 3 | 889 | (11.6) | 695 | (18.1) | 342 | (17.8) | ||
| ≥4 | 510 | (6.7) | 598 | (15.6) | 370 | (19.3) | ||
| Anticoagulant | 241 | (3.1) | 208 | (5.4) | 161 | (8.4) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Anti-platelet agents | 3340 | (43.5) | 2353 | (61.3) | 1234 | (64.3) | <0.0001 | 0.0269 |
| Lipid-lowering agents | 2252 | (29.4) | 1464 | (38.2) | 712 | (37.1) | <0.0001 | 0.4419 |
| Methylxanthines | 85 | (1.1) | 499 | (13.0) | 596 | (31.1) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Beta2-adrenergic agonist | 2849 | (37.1) | 2750 | (71.7) | 1686 | (87.9) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Systemic corticosteroids | 439 | (5.7) | 977 | (25.5) | 1200 | (62.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Anticholinergics | 3712 | (48.4) | 3250 | (84.7) | 1732 | (90.3) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 3812 | (49.7) | 2878 | (75.0) | 1623 | (84.6) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 |
COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; COPDe = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbations; COPDe = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with no exacerbations. PVD = peripheral vascular disease.
a Chi-square tests for people had no COPD, COPDne, and COPDe.
b Chi-square tests between COPDne and COPDe.