Genetic disruption of NS4B's NBM impairs HCV RNA replication. Replication of HCV replicons harboring the mutations depicted in Fig. 5B were assayed by colony formation assays. (A) Wild-type and mutant replicons were electroporated into Huh-7 cells, and G418-resistant colonies were selected and stained with crystal violet. These replicons contain the gene for neomycin phosphotransferase (6). Each dot represents a colony of Huh-7 cells that was able to grow in the presence of G418 due to the presence of efficiently replicating intracellular replicons. WT, Bart79I (wild type) (3, 6); Pol−, Bart79I with a lethal mutation in NS5B (16); KR, Bart79I with a Lys135Arg point mutation; KS, Bart79I with a Lys135Ser point mutation; GV, Bart79I with a Gly129Val point mutation; IN, Bart79I with an Ile131Asn point mutation. A representative plate is shown. (B) Percentages of colonies relative to wild-type control. Note that rare colonies were obtained with the G129V mutant protein (*) and that none were obtained with the Pol− or I131N mutant proteins.