Table 2.
Dynamic and steady-state parameters of photosynthetic induction in tomato leaves, as affected by Ca, Tleaf, VPDleaf-air and blue light
| Treatment | Dynamic parameters |
Mean at start and end of induction |
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|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| IS60 | tA50 | tA90 | tgs50 | tgs90 | Ai | Af | gsi | gsf | ||||||||||
| 20 Pa | 25·7 ± 3·0 | 3·2 ± 0·6b | 18·5 ± 4·0b* | 19·8 ± 1·2 | 46·7 ± 1·4b | −1·1 ± 0·6 | 11·7 ± 1·3a | 0·22 ± 0·04 | 0·65 ± 0·05c | |||||||||
| 40 Pa | 21·6 ± 2·7 | 2·6 ± 0·2a | 10·8 ± 1·4ab* | 18·7 ± 3·1 | 38·2 ± 5·6a | −1·6 ± 0·3 | 22·2 ± 1·4b | 0·27 ± 0·06 | 0·56 ± 0·07b | |||||||||
| 80 Pa | 21·9 ± 4·4 | 2·2 ± 0·3a | 6·2 ± 0·3a* | 18·2 ± 2·2 | 39·9 ± 4·7a | −1·3 ± 0·6 | 27·1 ± 2·3c | 0·25 ± 0·06 | 0·46 ± 0·07a | |||||||||
| 15·5 °C | 15·8 ± 4·5a* | 2·7 ± 0·3b | 12·6 ± 1·4 | 24·4 ± 4·8 | 42·5 ± 1·4 | −1·1 ± 0·3b | 15·6 ± 2·2a | † | 0·17 ± 0·16a | 0·34 ± 0·14a | ||||||||
| 22·8 °C | 21·6 ± 2·7b* | 2·6 ± 0·2b | 10·8 ± 1·4 | 18·7 ± 3·1 | 38·2 ± 5·6 | −1·6 ± 0·3ab | 22·2 ± 1·4b | † | 0·27 ± 0·06b | 0·56 ± 0·07b | ||||||||
| 30·5 °C | 37·8 ± 7·8c* | 1·6 ± 0·4a | 13·4 ± 1·6 | 17·2 ± 1·9 | 34·5 ± 2·2 | −2·3 ± 0·5a | 21·3 ± 3·8b | † | 0·21 ± 0·03ab | 0·36 ± 0·10a | ||||||||
| 0·5 kPa | 22·3 ± 1·1 | 2·4 ± 0·8 | 10·7 ± 1·9A | 20·7 ± 0·8b | 45·3 ± 15·6c | −1·3 ± 0·1 | 21·5 ± 0·9 | 0·30 ± 0·01b | 0·57 ± 0·02b | |||||||||
| 0·8 kPa | 21·6 ± 3·9 | 2·6 ± 0·3 | 10·8 ± 2·6A | 18·7 ± 5·3b | 38·2 ± 13·8bc | −1·6 ± 0·8 | 22·2 ± 1·8 | 0·27 ± 0·04b | 0·56 ± 0·14b | |||||||||
| 1·6 kPa | 24·3 ± 2·7 | 2·8 ± 0·2 | 13·5 ± 1·4B | 11·7 ± 3·1a | 20·2 ± 5·6a | −1·5 ± 0·3 | 20·0 ± 1·4 | 0·11 ± 0·06a | 0·34 ± 0·07a | |||||||||
| 2·3 kPa | 25·5 ± 1·8 | 3·1 ± 0·1 | 11·5 ± 5·2Ab | 8·7 ± 4·5a | 31·2 ± 7·2ab | −1·7 ± 0·5 | 19·4 ± 0·7 | 0·09 ± 0·05a | 0·26 ± 0·05a | |||||||||
| 0 % blue irradiance | 24·6 ± 4·4 | 2·5 ± 0·4 | 13·8 ± 2·1 | 17·5 ± 3·1 | 33·2 ± 6·7 | −1·7 ± 0·4 | 20·5 ± 1·3 | 0·19 ± 0·07 | 0·42 ± 0·07 | |||||||||
| 1 % blue irradiance | 23·0 ± 4·3 | 2·7 ± 0·3 | 13·0 ± 1·4 | 15·3 ± 3·8 | 30·8 ± 9·2 | −1·9 ± 0·5 | 20·9 ± 2·1 | 0·16 ± 0·04 | 0·46 ± 0·08 | |||||||||
| 5 % blue irradiance | 21·5 ± 6·4 | 2·7 ± 0·3 | 14·7 ± 3·0 | 16·8 ± 1·8 | 35·2 ± 5·5 | −2·2 ± 0·4 | 20·9 ± 1·7 | 0·17 ± 0·08 | 0·45 ± 0·09 | |||||||||
| 10 % blue irradiance | 21·6 ± 2·7 | 2·6 ± 0·2 | 10·8 ± 1·4 | 18·7 ± 3·1 | 38·2 ± 5·6 | −1·6 ± 0·3 | 22·2 ± 1·4 | 0·27 ± 0·06 | 0·56 ± 0·07 | |||||||||
| 20 % blue irradiance | 18·6 ± 5·3 | 2·7 ± 0·4 | 12·4 ± 1·2 | 18·2 ± 1·3 | 37·6 ± 2·8 | −1·4 ± 0·6 | 22·0 ± 2·5 | 0·22 ± 0·07 | 0·51 ± 0·09 | |||||||||
Dynamic parameters include IS60 (induction 60 s after illumination, %), tA50, tA90, tgs50 and tgs90 [time (min) to reach 50 and 90 % of photosynthetic induction and time to reach 50 and 90 % of full stomatal opening]. Steady-state parameters were calculated by averaging single values over 2 min (either in dark-adapted leaves or at the end of induction) and include Ai, Af, gsi and gsf (A and gs in darkness and in 1000 µmol m−2 s−1, respectively; units: A expressed in µmol m−2 s−1 and gs in mol m−2 s−1). Means followed by different letters differ significantly, according to a LSD test conducted at the P = 0·05 level (n = 5); absence of letters denotes absence of significant effects.
One-way ANOVA performed on log-transformed data.
Data compared using non-parametric Kruskal–Wallis test.