Table 2. Univariable regression analysis of risk factors associated with HCV prevalence among male prisoners at baseline (n = 2,848).
| Male | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HCV (n = 77) | |||||
| Variables | Pos/Total | Missing | % | PR* (95% CI)** | p- value |
| Age (years) | 1 | ||||
| ≤30 | 11/1,546 | - | 0.7 | 1.00 | |
| 31–40 | 13/770 | - | 1.7 | 2.37 (1.06–5.29) | 0.035 |
| 41–50 | 32/335 | - | 9.6 | 13.42 (6.77–26.63) | <0.001 |
| >50 | 20/147 | - | 13.6 | 19.12 (9.16–39.91) | <0.001 |
| Education (years) | 2 | ||||
| ≤ 9 | 60/2,027 | - | 4.7 | 1.00 | |
| 10–12 | 14/653 | - | 4.3 | 0.76 (0.33–1.77) | 0.532 |
| >12 | 1/66 | - | 2.0 | 0.65 (0.09–4.73) | 0.675 |
| City of prison last | - | ||||
| Dourados | 10/535 | - | 1.9 | 1.00 | |
| Campo Grande | 47/1,520 | - | 3.1 | 1.65 (0.84–3.27) | 0.148 |
| Três Lagoas | 6/283 | - | 2.1 | 1.13 (0.41–3.12) | 0.807 |
| Corumbá | 6/260 | - | 2.3 | 1.23 (0.45–3.40) | 0.683 |
| Ponta Porã | 8/250 | - | 3.2 | 1.71 (0.67–4.34) | 0.257 |
| Lenght of Incarceration (months) | 3 | ||||
| ≤24 | 24/1,393 | - | 1.7 | 1.00 | |
| 25–48 | 7/617 | - | 1.1 | 0.66 (0.28–1.53) | 0.331 |
| 49–72 | 13/312 | - | 4.2 | 2.42 (1.23–4.75) | 0.010 |
| >72 | 30/396 | - | 7.6 | 4.40 (2.57–7.52) | <0.001 |
| Alcohol consumption (last year) | 1 | ||||
| No | 46/1,295 | - | 3.6 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 30/1,500 | - | 2.0 | 0.56 (0.35–0.89) | 0.014 |
| Marijuana use in last year | 2 | ||||
| No | 37/1,491 | - | 2.5 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 38/1,308 | - | 2.9 | 1.17 (0.74–1.84) | 0.495 |
| Cocaine use in last year | 3 | ||||
| No | 49/1,959 | - | 2.5 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 25/827 | - | 3.0 | 1.21 (0.75–1.96) | 0.441 |
| Crack use in last year | 4 | ||||
| No | 63/2,569 | - | 2.5 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 10/193 | - | 5.2 | 2.11 (1.08–4.12) | 0.028 |
| Heroin use (smoke) in last year | 4 | ||||
| No | 69/2,726 | - | 2.5 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 4/31 | - | 12.9 | 5.09 (1.86–13.96) | 0.002 |
| Hashish use in last year | 5 | ||||
| No | 51/2,279 | - | 2.2 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 21/476 | - | 4.4 | 1.97 (1.19–3.28) | 0.009 |
| Injection drug use in last year | 4 | ||||
| No | 66/2,729 | - | 2.4 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 7/28 | - | 25.0 | 10.33 (4.74–22.52) | <0.001 |
| Ever shared needles/syring | - | ||||
| No | 68/2,754 | - | 2.5 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 9/80 | - | 11.3 | 4.55 (2.27–9.13) | <0.001 |
| Shared sharp objects | 1 | ||||
| No | 47/1,814 | - | 2.6 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 29/1,022 | - | 2.8 | 1.09 (0.69–1.74) | 0.700 |
| Piercings | 2 | ||||
| No | 73/2,620 | - | 2.8 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 2/189 | - | 1.1 | 0.38 (0.09–1.55) | 0.177 |
| Tattooing | - | ||||
| No | 29/920 | - | 3.2 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 48/1,923 | - | 2.5 | 0.79 (0.50–1.25) | 0.321 |
| Blood transfusion | - | ||||
| No | 61/2,441 | - | 2.5 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 16/358 | - | 4.5 | 3.75 (1.51–9.30) | 0.004 |
| Surgery history | - | ||||
| No | 32/1,704 | - | 1.9 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 45/1,124 | - | 4.0 | 2.13 (1.35–3.35) | 0.001 |
| History of STI(s) | 4 | ||||
| No | 52/2,345 | - | 2.2 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 21/345 | - | 6.1 | 2.74 (1.65–4.56) | <0.001 |
| Ever had sex with an IDU | 4 | ||||
| No | 68/2,547 | - | 2.7 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 5/83 | - | 6.0 | 2.26 (0.91–5.60) | 0.08 |
| Previously had homosexual intercourse | 3 | ||||
| No | 70/2,618 | - | 2.7 | 1.00 | |
| Yes | 4/153 | - | 2.6 | 0.98 (0.36–2.68) | 0.965 |
| Number of sexual partners in the last five years | 7 | ||||
| ≤1 | 33/874 | - | 3.8 | 1.00 | |
| 2–5 | 24/899 | - | 2.7 | 0.71 (0.42–1.20) | 0.191 |
| >5 | 13/907 | - | 1.4 | 0.38 (0.20–0.72) | <0.003 |
| Condom Use | 1 | ||||
| Always | 24/958 | - | 2.5 | 1.00 | |
| Sometimes | 27/1,088 | - | 2.5 | 0.99 (0.57–1.71) | 0.973 |
| Never | 25/792 | - | 3.2 | 1.26 (0.72–2.20) | 0.419 |
| HIV positive | 5/44 | 11.1 | 4.74 (1.82–12.36) | <0.01 | |
*PR: prevalence ratio
**CI: confidence interval
STI: sexually transmitted infections; IDU: injecting drug users; if p≤ 0.05, there is significant statistical difference between values.