Table 4. Factors Associated with Thigh Muscle Density (TMD) among HIV-infected Men.
Multivariable model includes age, race, BMI plus other factors associated with TMD in univariate models.
| Univariate | Multivariable | |
|---|---|---|
| Age (per year) | -0.14 (-0.21,-0.08)* | -0.20 (-0.27, -0.13)* |
| Race (vs White (ref)) | ||
| Black | -0.16 (-1.0, 0.69) | -0.47 (-1.3, 0.36) |
| Other | 0.97 (-0.68, 2.6) | -0.28 (-1.9, 1.4) |
| BMI (per kg/m2) | -0.24 (-0.33, -0.15)* | -0.26 (-0.34, 0.17)* |
| Metabolic/Clinical Factors | ||
| ln HOMA-IR | -0.33 (-0.98, 0.32) | |
| VAT (per ln cm2) | -1.3 (-1.6, -0.79)* | |
| Thigh SAT (per ln cm2) | -1.2 (1.3, 6.6)* | |
| History of Malignancy | -0.72 (-1.9, 0.44) | |
| Estimated GFR (per ml/min/1.73m2) | -0.001 (-0.02, 0.009) | |
| Chronic HCV Infection | -0.13 (-1.2,1.2) | |
| Behavioral Factors | ||
| Cumulative smoking (per pack-year) | -0.04 (-0.29, -0.01)* | -0.02 (-0.05, -0.004)* |
| Alcohol consumption (vs none) | ||
| Low to moderate | -0.7 (-0.23, 1.7) | 0.27(-0.63, 1.2) |
| Moderate to heavy | 0.433 (-1.1, 1.7) | 0.04 (-1.4, 1.5) |
| Binge | -2.5 (-4.5, -0.53)* | -3.0 (-4.9, -1.1)* |
| Use of opiate since last visit | -1.0 (-4.8, 2.8) | |
| HIV-Related Factors | ||
| CD4+ cell count (per cell/mm3) | 0.0001 (-0.001, 0.001) | |
| Nadir CD4 cell count (per cell/mm3) | 0.001 (-0.001, 0.003) | |
| HIV-1 RNA (<50 copies/ml ref) | -0.21 (-1.3, 0.86) | |
| ART Factors | ||
| Cumulative HAART use (per year) | 0.06 (-0.04, 0.15) | |
| Cumulative PI (per year) | 0.31 (-0.04, 0.10) | |
| Cumulative AZT (per year) | -0.03 (-0.12, 0.06) | |
| Cumulative d4T (per year) | 0.23 (0.08, 0.37)* | 0.21 (0.07, 0.35)* |
| Cumulative TDF (per year) | 0.17 (0.03, 0.31)* | 0.13 (-0.01, 0.26) |
*P<0.05
BMI–Body mass index;HOMA-IR–homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; VAT–visceral adipose tissue; SAT–subcutaneous adipose tissue; GFR–estimated glomerular filtration rate