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Suppressive effect of OCA on inflammation in intestinal IRI as shown by (A) mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6; (B) IL-1-β; (C) TNF-α; and (D) IFN-γ. mRNA expression of anti-inflammatory cytokines (E) IL-10; and (F) IL-13 did not differ between the different groups. OCA: obeticholic acid; IRI: ischemia reperfusion injury; IL: interleukin; TNF-α: tumor necrosis factor-alpha; IFN-γ: interferon-gamma. *: p<0.05; **: p<0.01.
