Table 1. Baseline characteristics by diabetes status in all orthopedic patients.
| Clinical Characteristics | N | Diabetes | No Diabetes | p-value¶ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Number (%) | 416 | 26% | 74% | N/A |
| Male (%) | 416 | 37.0% | 34.7% | 0.726 |
| Age (years) | 416 | 74 (63,79) | 75 (65,85) | 0.092 |
| HbA1c (%) | 416 | 6.9 (6.4,7.7) | 5.7 (5.4,5.9) | <0.001 |
| HbA1c (mmol/mol) | 416 | 51.9 (46.4,60.7) | 38.8(35.5,41.0) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 413 | 119 (105,132) | 117 (104,127) | 0.299 |
| CKD-EPI eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2) | 413 | 67 (48,87) | 74 (57,87) | 0.108 |
| Charlson Comorbidity Score# | 416 | 1 (0,2) | 0 (0,0) | <0.001 |
| Operative* (%) | 416 | 77.8% | 82.1% | 0.321 |
| Elective^ (%) | 337 | 40.5% | 30.4% | 0.108 |
Categorical explanatory variables are reported as percentages and continuous explanatory variables are summarized as medians with interquartile ranges in parenthesis.
¶ p-values were determined by Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.
# Charlson comorbidity score = a validated method of weighting chronic medical conditions (the score for diabetes was excluded as diabetes is included as a separate variable)
* Operative = admissions involving an orthopedic operative intervention.
^ Elective = admissions scheduled in advance and not constituting a medical emergency.
Abbreviations: HbA1c = Glycosylated hemoglobin (a measure of long term glycemic status), CKD-EPI = Chronic Kidney Disease-Epidemiology Collaboration equation, eGFR = estimated glomerular filtration rate.