Table 3. Outcome data comparing orthopedic Hip surgical patients (n = 142) with diabetes versus patients without diabetes.

Hospital Outcomes*#	IRR/OR^ (95% CI)	¶p-value
Length of Stay (days, IRR)	0.96 (0.75–1.23)	0.735
ICU Admission (OR)	N/A	N/A
Inpatient Mortality (OR)	0.33 (0.06–1.80)	0.202
Hospital Readmission at 6 months (OR)	0.94 (0.26–3.40)	0.930
Post-operative Inpatient Complications*#	IRR/OR^ (95% CI)	¶p-value
Any Complication (OR)	1.07 (0.40–2.89)	0.893
Acute Renal Failure (OR)	1.85 (0.30–11.27)	0.506
Infection (OR)	2.13 (0.68–6.70)	0.194
Venous Thromboembolism (OR)	N/A	N/A
Delirium (OR)	1.06 (0.28–3.95)	0.937
Anemia (OR)	1.81 (0.66–4.95)	0.250

* Adjusted for age, gender, Charlson comorbidity score^# and CKD-EPI eGFR.

^¶ p-values were determined by Fisher’s exact test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

# Charlson comorbidity score = a validated method of weighting chronic medical conditions (the score for diabetes was excluded as diabetes is included as a separate variable)

^ IRR/OR derived by comparison between patients with diabetes (known and unrecognized) and patients without diabetes (reference category).

Abbreviations: ICU = intensive care unit, IRR = incidence rate ratio (applicable to continuous variables), OR = odds ratio (applicable to categorical variables).