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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2017 Nov 1.
Published in final edited form as: J Intern Med. 2016 Oct 3;280(5):465–475. doi: 10.1111/joim.12540

Fig 4.

Fig 4

Anti-diabetic and anti-inflammatory effects of branched fatty acid esters of hydroxy fatty acids (FAHFAs). (a) Glucose is transported into adipocytes by the GLUT4 glucose transporter. The increased glucose entry activates the transcription factor ChREBP, thereby enhancing de novo lipogenesis and synthesis of branched Fatty Acid esters of Hydroxy Fatty Acids (FAHFAs). (b) FAHFAs augment insulin-stimulated glucose transport in adipocytes and glucose-stimulated GLP1 secretion from the gut enteroendocrine cells and insulin secretion from pancreatic beta cells. FAHFAs also reduce inflammation by decreasing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines from macrophages and dendritic cells. ChREBP, carbohydrate response element binding protein; FAS, fatty acid synthase; GPR120, G protein-coupled receptor 120. Diabetes: The good in fat. Muoio D.M & Newgard C.B. Nature 516:49–50, 2014. Reproduced with permission from Nature Publishing Group, license number 3851950681929.