Table 2.
Sample characteristics for the experimental Sleep Enhancement Training System for Pregnancy group and the two control groups
| Sample characteristics | SETS-P (S) (n=25) |
Primary Control (A)* (n=76) |
Secondary Control (B)* (n=48) |
Statistics† |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||||
| Maternal age (years), mean ± SD | 32.7 ± 4.4 | 32.1 ± 5.1 | 27.1 ± 6.5 | S>B, p<.001 |
| Race or Ethnicity, % (n) | p<.001 | |||
| Asian | 20% (5) | 17% (13) | 31% (15) | |
| African-American | 4% (1) | 3% (2) | 19% (9) | |
| Caucasian | 72% (18) | 63% (48) | 25% (12) | S>B, p<.001 |
| Latina | 0% (0) | 12% (9) | 23% (11) | S<B, p=.009 |
| Other | 4% (1) | 5% (4) | 2% (1) | |
| Completed college, % (n) | 88% (22) | 80% (61) | 33% (16) | S>B, p<.001 |
| Employed, % (n) | 80% (20) | 72% (55) | 27% (13) | S>B, p<.001 |
| Income ≥$3000/month, % (n) | 83% (20) | 92% (70) | 12% (5) | S>B, p<.001 |
| Childbirth characteristics | ||||
| Labor (hrs), mean ± SD‡ | 19.9 ± 11.1 | 17.3 ± 10.3 | 16.8 ± 10.8 | p=.58 |
| Cesarean rate, % (n) | 24% (6) | 25% (19 of 75) | 35% (16 of 46) | p=.47 |
| Infant birthweight (kg), mean ± SD§ | 3.46 ± 0.47 | 3.53 ± 0.44 | 3.36 ± 0.60 | p=.19 |
| Timing of Assessments | ||||
| Prenatal (days before birth)‖ | 21.2 ± 10.8 | 23.4 ± 10.2 | 18.3 ± 11.7 | p=.045¶ |
| Postpartum (days after birth)# | 30.7 ± 12.0 | 30.9 ± 14.8 | 28.4 ± 9.0 | p=.57 |
SETS-P, Sleep Enhancement Training System for Pregnancy; SD, standard deviation
The primary control group (A) had similar enrollment criteria and was demographically similar to the SETS-P group, while the secondary control group (B) was less socio-economically advantaged than the other two.
If omnibus ANOVA or chi-square test was significant, Dunnet’s post-hoc tests or post-hoc chi-square tests compared the SETS-P group to each of the control groups.
Labor duration is based on women with vaginal births only: SETS-P n=19; control A n=56; control B n=30.
Due to missing birthweight for 4 infants, n=74 for control A and n=46 for control B.
Due to missing prenatal data for 11 women, n=20 for SETS-P, n=71 for control A, and n=47 for control B.
The control groups differed from each other (p=.045), but neither differed from the SETS group in post-hoc tests.
Due to missing postpartum data for 6 women, n=73 for control A and n=45 for control B.